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  • Electronic Resource  (27)
  • 1985-1989  (8)
  • 1980-1984  (19)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray diffraction study of Na2S2O6.2H2O and Na2S2O6.2D2O (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 36 (1980), S. 223-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S056774088000297X
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The nature of the chemical bonding in boron carbide, B13C2. III. Static deformation densities and pictorial representation (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 36 (1980), S. 1311-1319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567740880005997
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bonding in [S2O6]2−: refinement and pictorial representation from an X-ray diffraction study of Na2S2O6.2H2O and Na2S2O6.2D2O (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 36 (1980), S. 512-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567740880003743
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charge density in anhydrite, CaSO4. II. Static deformation density distributions from a multipole refinement (1981)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 37 (1981), S. 525-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S056774088100352X
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Profile fitting and the two-stage method in neutron powder diffractometry for structure and texture analysis (1988)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 21 (1988), S. 228-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An outline and an application of the two-stage method in neutron powder diffractometry are presented. Stage (1): Individual reflection data like position, half-width and integrated intensity are analysed by profile fitting. The profile analysis is based on an experimentally determined instrument function and can be applied without prior knowledge of a structural model. A mathematical procedure is described which results in a variance–covariance matrix containing standard deviations and correlations of the refined reflection parameters. Stage (2): The individual reflection data derived from the profile fitting procedure can be used for appropriate purposes either in structure determination or in texture and strain or stress analysis. The integrated intensities are used in the non-diagonal weighted least-squares routine POWLS for structure refinement. The weight matrix is given by the inverted variance-covariance matrix of stage (1). This procedure is the basis for reliable and real Bragg R values and for a realistic estimation of standard deviations of structural parameters. In the case of texture analysis the integrated intensities are compiled into pole figures representing the intensity distribution for all sample orientations of individual hkl. Various examples for the wide application of the two-stage method in structure and texture analysis are given: structure refinement of a standard quartz specimen, magnetic ordering in the system TbxY1−xAg, preferred orientation effects in deformed marble and texture investigations of a triclinic plagioclase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889888001013
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The crystal structure of reinhardbraunsite, Ca5(SiO4)2(OH,F)2, a new mineral of the calcio-chondrodite type (1983)
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 31 (1983), S. 137-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Kristallstruktur von Reinhardbraunsit, Ca5(SiO4)2(OH,F)2, wurde mit Diffraktometerdaten bestimmt und bis zuR=0.033 für 1585 unabhängige Reflexe verfeinert. Reinhardbraunsit kristallisiert monoklin,P21/a, mita=11.458(2),b=5.052(1),c=8.840(1) Å, β=108.91(1)o,Z=2. Die Struktur ist der von synthetischem Calcio-Chondrodit, Ca5(SiO4)2(OH)2, sehr ähnlich. Durch den teilweisen Ersatz von OH durch F sind, das SiO4-Tetraeder ausgenommen, alle mittleren Kation-Anion- und Anion-Anion-Abstände leicht verkürzt. Ein Vergleich der Mg-, Mn- und Ca-Glieder der Chondroditgruppe zeigt eine lineare Abhängigkeit der mittleren M-O-Abstände und der Zell-Volumina von den effektiven Ionenradien. Die Verzerrungen der Kationpolyeder sind ebenfalls annähernd linear abhängig von den mittleren M-O-Abständen.
    Notes: Summary The crystal structure of reinhardbraunsite, Ca5(SiO4)2(OH,F)2, was determined from diffractometer data and refined toR=0.033 for 1585 independent reflections. Reinhardbraunsite crystallizes monoclinic,P21/a, witha=11.458(2),b=5.052(1),c=8.840(2) Å, β=108.91(1)o,Z=2. The structure is very similar to the structure of synthetic calciochondrodite, Ca5(SiO4)2(OH)2. Except of the SiO4 tetrahedron all mean cation-anion and anion-anion distances are slightly decreased due to the partial replacement of OH by F. A comparison of the Mg, Mn and Ca members of the chondrodite group shows that mean M-O distances and cell volumes are linearly related to the effective ionic radii. Polyhedral distortions are also approximately linearly related to the mean M-O distances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01084766
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zur Elektronendichteverteilung im Dolomit CaMg(CO3)2 (1983)
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 31 (1983), S. 151-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Studies of the electron density distribution of dolomite, CaMg(CO3)2 (a hex =4.808(1) Å,c hex =16.022(3) Å, space group $$R\bar 3$$ ,Z=3) were carried out on natural material by X-ray diffraction (810 symmetry independent reflexions with sin ϑ/λ⩽1.180 Å−1 andI 〉 2.5 σ I ) as well as by neutron diffraction (684 symmetry independent reflexions with sin ϑ/λ⩽1.085 Å−1 andI 〉 2.5 σ I ).The conventional structure refinement coverged atR(X)=0.018 (R w (X)=0.022) andR(N)=0.030 (R w (N)=0.034) respectively. Dynamic deformation densitiesF o (X)−F c HO (X) andF o (X)−F c (N) difference Fourier summations were used for the interpretation of the electron density distribution. Additionally static deformation densities were calculated from the parameters of a multipole model refinement (Hirshfeld, 1971). Close to the middle of the C−O bond there is a maximum of the electron density; two other maxima are observed in the lone-pair region of the O atom. It seems that the Mg atoms have a more polarising effect compared with the Ca atoms.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Untersuchungen der Elektronendichteverteilung im Dolomit, CaMg(CO3)2, (a hex =4,808(1) Å,c hex =16,022(3) Å, Raumgruppe $$R\bar 3$$ ,Z=3) erfolgten an natürlichem Material mit Röntgenbeugung (810 symmetrieunabhängige Reflexe mit sin ϑ/λ⩽1,180 Å−1 undI 〉 2,5 σ I ) sowie Neutronenbeugung (684 symmetrieunabhängige Reflexe mit sin ϑ/λ⩽1,085 Å−1 undI 〉 2,5 σ I ).Die konventionelle Strukturverfeinerung konvergierte beiR(X)=0,018 (R w (X)=0,022) bzw.R(N)=0,030 (R w (N)=0,034). Dynamische DeformationsdichtenF o (X)−F c HO (X) undF o (X)−F c (N) Differenzfouriersummationen wurden zur Interpretation der Elektronendichteverteilung herangezogen. Weiters wurden statische Deformationsdichten aus den Parametern einer Verfeinerung mit dem Multipol-Modell (Hirshfeld, 1971) berechnet. Nahe dem Mittelpunkt der C-O-Bindung liegt ein Maximum der Elektronendichte; zwei weitere liegen in den “lone-pair”-Bereichen des O-Atoms. Die Mg-Atome scheinen eine im Vergleich mit den Ca-Atomen stärker polarisierende Wirkung auf das O-Atom zu haben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01084767
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The compressibility of FeO measured by energy dispersive X-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil squeezer up to 200 kbar (1980)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 6 (1980), S. 157-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The compressibility of Fe0.941O has been measured by energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction methods in a diamond anvil squeezer up to 200 kbar. The data points can be described by the Murnaghan equation with K 0=1,540±50 kbar and K'=4. An analysis of previous investigations, X-ray diffraction and ultrasonic measurements yields for the general composition Fe1−xO a regression line K 0=5,438(1−x)−3,595 kbar for all known measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00311052
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative rheology of nucleated and non-nucleated red blood cells (1981)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 390 (1981), S. 283-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Nucleated erythrocytes ; Blood rheology ; Viscosity ; Hematocrit ; Capillary circulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The flow properties of nucleated avian (duck) red cell suspensions were determined in narrow glass capillaries (internal diameter 5–11 μm) perfused at constant pressure. Measurements were carried out of cellular and suspending fluid flow velocity and dynamic (tube) hematocrit. Comparison with previous measurements on human erythrocyte suspensions showed that the dynamic hematocrit reduction (Fahraeus effect) of avian cell suspensions was significantly more sensitive to changes of hematocrit than observed on the human cells. It was in addition found that the Fahraeus effect is the dominating phenomenon determining the viscosity of the nucleated cell suspensions, in contrast to suspensions of non-nucleated human red cells. Furthermore, the apparent viscosity of the nucleated cell suspensions is significantly higher than that of human blood at equal capillary diameter and tube hematocrit. In the living capillary bed of birds, the unfavourable rheological properties of the nucleated red cells could be compensated for by a low capillary hematocrit and/or a higher capillary density compared to mammalian species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00658277
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative rheology of nucleated and non-nucleated red blood cells (1981)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 390 (1981), S. 278-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Erythrocyte microrheology ; Erythrocyte deformation ; Avian blood cells ; Human blood cells ; Capillary blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Deformation and dynamic flow behaviour of nucleated duck erythrocytes were compared to those of non-nucleated human cells during steady flow (at wall shear stresses up to 3 N·m−2) through glass capillaries (diameter between 5 μm and 12 μm). While the deformation process of both cell species is qualitatively similar, significant quantitative differences demonstrate a lower deformability of the nucleated erythrocytes. In comparison to human cells, the avian red cells exhibit significantly lower stability of orientation during capillary flow. Viscometric measurements show that, in contrast to human red cell suspensions, the relative viscosity of nucleated cell suspensions does not decrease with increasing suspending medium viscosity. The results indicate that the hydrodynamic disturbance caused by avian erythrocytes in the flow of the suspending fluid is more pronounced than that of the mammalian cells. This is due to their lower ability to adapt to local shear forces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00658276
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