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  • Electronic Resource  (6)
  • 1965-1969  (2)
  • 1960-1964  (4)
  • 1945-1949
  • 1905-1909
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The continuous synthesis of addition polymers with a pricesely controlled average molecular weight and minimum polydispersity (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1353-1371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A novel technique for the control of continuous synthesis of addition polymers with precisely controlled average molecular weight and minimum polydispersity has been developed. A control system adjusts the concentration of chain-transfer agent in the reactor feed to compensate for all other upsets, in the reactor inputs: initiator and monomer concentrations, temperature and feed rate. The technique has been evaluated quantitatively on a digital computer using a kinetic model of homogeneous, free-radical solution polymerization. In computational tests, the modeled control system generally held the instantaneous number-average chain length within 1%, and quickly returned it to the desired value in response to a wide variety of upsets. By generalizing the Schulz distributions to include termination by disproportionation, combination and chain-transfer, it is shown that changes in the molecular-weight distribution resulting from the action of the control system are minor.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130703
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rupture of rubber. VI. Further experiments on the tear criterion (1960)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 3 (1960), S. 168-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A criterion for the tearing of rubber based on an energy balance approach, proposed previously, has been critically examined experimentally. This criterion implies that the energy required to form unit area of surface by tearing should be a constant of the material, and it can be tested by finding if tearing results from test pieces of different shapes are selfconsistent. Previous work has indicated that the criterion is approximately correct for natural rubber, and the present paper gives a much more rigorous check for a noncrystallizing and therefore more convenient material (GR-S). The results from three test pieces of widely different shapes show excellent agreement. The material used exhibited an abrupt change in the mode of tearing as the tearing energy increased through 3 × 106 ergs/cm.2, the rate of tearing suddenly increasing from about 10-2 to 10 cm./sec. This correlated with a change in the appearance of the torn surfaces from rough to smooth.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1960.070030805
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cut growth and fatigue of rubbers. I. The relationship between cut growth and fatigue (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 455-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The relationship between the cut growth and fatigue failure of natural rubber vulcanizates under repeated loading is examined. The cut growth behavior has been investigated using several types of test piece, and the results are shown to be consistent when interpreted in terms of the tearing energy concept developed previously. The most comprehensive data have been obtained by measuring the growth of a small cut in the edge of a strip cycled in simple extension. It is found that the cut growth per cycle is approximately proportional to the square of the maximum tearing energy attained during the cycle. Using this relation, the fatigue life of a specimen containing a small cut is deduced from elasticity theory as a function of initial cut size and maximum strain. Experimental results give good agreement with theory. A similar strain dependence is found for the fatigue life of die-stamped dumbbell test pieces with no intentionally produced flaws; this is consistent with the mechanism of failure being cut growth from small flaws present in the specimens. Their effective size is estimated to be about 2 × 10-3 cm, which is compatible with the observed superficial imperfections of the cut edges.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080129
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of degree of crosslinking in natural rubber vulcanizates. Part V. Effect of network flaws due to free chain endsPart III, J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 2, 1 (1959); Part IV, J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 2, 257 (1959). (1960)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 43 (1960), S. 13-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Previous studies of the effect of flaws due to free chains ends on the elastic behavior of crosslinked polymer networks have considered either (1) the scission of chains in an initially perfect network, or (2) the crosslinking of chains of finite molecular weight. Published relations for the behavior of networks derived in these alternative ways are different. That derived from the first has been preferred for stress relaxation measurements, and that derived from the second for gel point theory. It is shown that the two treatments should be essentially equivalent. Critical consideration of what constitutes an elastically active chain resolves the anomaly of the difference between the two treatments and provides a new relation which should be valid for all ratios of crosslinks to chain ends. The new relation is checked by direct computation of the number of effective chains. This gives satisfactory agreement over the range where approximations, introduced during computation, are small.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1960.1204314102
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress changes in a stretched vulcanizate due to geometric isomerization about double bonds in the polymer chain (1963)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Letters 1 (1963), S. 7-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2986
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1963.110010102
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of constraints on the equilibrium swelling of rubber vulcanizates (1965)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 3 (1965), S. 641-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The swelling of natural rubber vulcanizates under equal two-dimensional compression has been investigated. The degree of crosslinking of the vulcanizate and the nature of the swelling liquid have both been varied. The reduction in equilibrium swelling produced by the stresses is found to agree well with theoretical predictions, except for high degrees of swelling. This divergence from theory has been explained on the basis of surface instability, which takes the form of wrinkles of the rubber surface.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1965.100030220
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