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  • Electronic Resource  (7)
  • 1960-1964  (7)
  • Chemistry  (7)
Material
  • Electronic Resource  (7)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 375-383 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects on viscose ripening of a variety of materials are reported. (1) Normal constituents (Na2CO3, Na2CS3, NaCl) appeared not to affect ripening; however, Na2S retarded ripening. By-product removal appeared to retard ripening. (2) Oxidizing agents (H2O2, Na2Sx) accelerated ripening; reducing agent (Na2SO3) retarded ripening; this is suggestive of possible addition product formation. (3) Na2SO4, (CH3)2SO, KClO3, Na2BH4 showed no effect on ripening. (4) Salts which precipitated as hydroxides or carbonates did not appear to affect ripening. (5) Salts which formed insoluble sulfides resulted in an initial increase in ripening rates. In later stages, ripening proceeded normally, probably after the salts were removed from solution as insoluble sulfides. (6) FeCl3, BiCl3 and Na3AsO3 appeared to retard ripening. (7) A comparison of the effect on ripening of the trivalent state of elements in group V of the periodic table showed that the rate of ripening decreased with the oxidation potential of the element. (8) The addition of sodium zincate retarded ripening and suggested possible cross-linking of xanthate and by-product sulfur, or of two xanthate groups. (9) Addition of tin and chromium salts at the 0.5% level resulted in gelation of the viscose within 30 min. after the addition.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 51-58 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Application of large-diameter pipes made of hard polyethyleneWith the aid of numerous illustrations, the applications of polyethylene pipes of relatively large diameters are surveyed. A special account is given of the advantages which such pipes may offer under different installation conditions. Especially in the Scandinavian countries  -  Norway, Finland and Sweden  -  where pipes are laid in the open even during the winter months, the toughness of hard polyethylene, even at low temperatures, is found to be a particular advantage. A special problem is posed by the need for a reliable jointing of large-diameter pipes. It is shown that, if the necessary conditions are adhered to, and if suitable aids are used, it is possible to obtain reliable butt welds, both between one pipe and another, and between pipe and welding collar. Such welding collars can be made in different ways. For instance, a mould is filled with the aid of an extruder and a rough cast prepared which, after cooling, is machined on a lathe. Pipes made of hard polyethylene are used not only for drinking water pipes but also for special purposes, e. g. cable protection pipes. For this purpose, a special technique, known as jetting method, is sometimes used for laying pipes across water.
    Notes: Anhand einer großen Anzahl van Bildern wird über den Einsatz van Rohren relativ großen Durchmessers aus Hart-Polyäthylen berichtet. Dabei wird auch auf die Vorteile, die solche Rohre unter den verschiedensten Verlegebedingungen bieten, näher eingegangen. Gerade in skandinavischen Ländern wie Norwegen, Finnland und Schweden, wo auch während der Wintermonate Rohrverlegungen im Freien stattfinden, erweist sich die gute Zähigkeit von Hart-Polyäthylen auch in der Kälte von besonderem Vorteil. Ein besonderes Problem stellt die zuverlässige Verbindung von Rohren großen Durchmessers der. Es wird gezeigt, daß bei Einhaltung der erforderlichen Bedingungen und bei Verwendung geeigneter Hilfsgeräte einwandfreie Stumpfschweißungen sowohl der Rohre untereinander als auch von Rohr und Vorschweißbund erzielt werden können. Die Herstellung solcher Vorschweißbunde kann auf verschiedene Arten vorgenommen werden; z. B. wird mit Hilfe eines Extruders eine Form gefüllt und durch Pressen ein Rohling hergestellt, der nach dem Erkalten auf einer Drehbank bearbeitet wird. Neben der Verwendung van Rohren aus Hart-Polyäthylen für Trinkwasserleitungen werden sie auch für Spezialzwecke, wie z. B. Kabelschutzrohre, eingesetzt. Dabei wird in manchen Fällen eine besondere Verlegetechnik beim Durchqueren van Gewässern, das sog. Einspülverfahren, angewandt.
    Additional Material: 36 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 75 (1963), S. 678-679 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ripening of spinnable viscoses has shown dexanthation rates to be constant for sulfate pulps; however, sulfite pulps appeared to ripen slightly faster than the sulfate pulps. The rate of dexanthation was unaffected by changes in alkalinity over relatively narrow ranges, and slightly affected by sulfur and cellulose content. Dilution of the viscose increased the dexanthation rate. A molar activation energy of 23 kcal. was calculated from a study of temperature effects on dexanthation of a high alpha sulfate pine pulp. Changes in salt index with respect to degree of substitution for all viscoses xanthated and dissolved at 25°C. followed the same linear function. For viscoses prepared at lower xanthation and/or dissolving temperatures, the ripening curves exhibited an initial rise suggesting two simultaneous changes: dexanthation and a randomizing of substitution. Split xanthation (the final xanthation step under essentially homogeneous conditions) yielded viscose having random substitution and exceptionally high salt index. As this solution ripened the salt index decreased linearly with respect to degree of substitution and eventually followed the same function as normally xanthated viscose, indicating that the final internal structures of the two solutions are similar.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 35 (1963), S. 78-80 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bei dem neuen Verfahren wird Chlor in verdünnter Perchlorsäure gelöst und an Platin-Folien anodisch oxydiert, womit Verunreinigungen, wie sie bei der Oxydation von Chlorwasserstoff entstehen, vermieden werden. Es wird ein vollkontinuierliches Verfahren beschrieben, bei dem die Stromausbeute 60% beträgt. Die Perchlorsäure ist Ausgangsprodukt für Perchlorate.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 14 (1963), S. 925-930 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Properties of polypropylene, particularly from the point of view of chemical equipmentApart from polyethylene, isotactic polypropylene is gaining increasing importance. The special properties of this material have soon been found particularly advantageous in the technical sector. A number of properties such as density, softening point, permeability to gases, hardness, stuffness and the excellent resistance to chemicals are due to the structure of the polymer. Another valuable property is the good suitability of the material for welding. It has already been possible to gather experience in this sphere, on a large scale, from the processing of semi-finished products from low-pressure polyethylene. Apart from wire welding, much use is also being made of heat element welding (without auxiliary wire).From the point of view of chemical equipment, an important property is the so-called long-term strength or long-term behaviour. This is illustrated by a number of diagrams in regard to contact with water, air and chemicals, e.g. sulphuric acid of different degrees of concentration.
    Notes: Neben dem Polyäthylen gewinnt das isotaktische Polypropylen mehr und mehr an Bedeutung. Die speziellen Eigenschaften dieses Materials haben sich sehr schnell als für den technischen Sektor besonders günstig erwiesen. Aus der Struktur des Polymeren erklärt sich eine ganze Reihe von Eigenschaften, z. B. Dichte, Erweichungspunkt, Permeabilität von Gasen, Härte, Steifigkeit und die ausgezeichnete Chemikalienbeständigkeit. Eine weitere wertvolle Eigenschaft stellt die gute Verschweißbarkeit dar. Erfahrungen auf diesem Gebiet konnten schon in großem Umfang bei der Verarbeitung von Halbzeug aus Niederdruckpolyäthylen gewonnen werden. Neben der Drahtschweißung wird auch sehr oft die Heizelementschweißung (ohne Zusatzdraht) angewandt.Wichtig für den chemischen Apparatebau ist die sogenannte Zeitstandfestigkeit bzw. das Zeitstandverhalten. In verschiedenen Diagramme wird dies in Kontakt mit Wasser, Luft und Chemikalien, z. B. Schwefelsäure verschiedener Konzentration, dargestellt.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: High-melting paraffin waxes (melting range about 131 °C., molecular weight up to 7000) are synthesized by feeding CO into a suspension of finely divided metallic Ruthenium in H2O at pressures from 75 to 200 at and temperatures from 150 to 260 °C. Byproducts are CO2 and small amounts of CH4 and H2. A CO-conversion up to 100% may be achieved.In this single step synthesis technique water is simultaneously reactant, suspension liquid, heat transfer medium as well as cooling medium by vaporization.The kinetics are of the type of closed cycle consecutive reactions. The reaction velocity is influenced under certain conditions by the mass transfer of CO from gas to liquid phase. The reaction mechanism probably consists of alternating steps of condensation and hydrogenation, involving intermediate chemisorption complexes at the surface of the catalyst, which presumably are similar to hydrocarbonyls.
    Notes: Leitet man CO bei Drucken von 75 bis 200 atü und Temperaturen von 150 bis 260 °C durch eine wäßrige Suspension feinverteilten metallischen Rutheniums, so bilden sich hochschmelzende Paraffinkohlenwasserstoffe vom Schmelzbereich bis zu 131 °C und Molekulargewichten bis zu 7000. Als Nebenprodukt tritt CO2 mit geringen Mengen von CH4 und H2 auf. Es werden CO-Umsätze bis zu 100% erreicht.In dieser verfahrenstechnisch einstufigen Synthese ist das Wasser gleichzeitig Reaktand, Suspensionsträger, Wärmeübertragungsmedium und durch Verdampfung direkt wirkendes Kühlmittel.Kinetisch liegt eine geschlossene Folge vor. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit wird bereichsweise von der Stoffübergangsgeschwindigkeit des CO von der Gasphase in die flüssige Phase beeinflußt. Der Reaktionsmechanismus umfaßt wahrscheinlich alternierende Kondensations-und Hydrierungsschritte, die über vermutlich carbonylwasserstoffartige Chemisorptions-Komplexe an der Oberfläche des Katalysators verlaufen.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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