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  • Electronic Resource  (17)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (16)
  • (9z,11Z)  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Syntheses of pure (9Z, 11Z), (9E, 11E), (9E, 11Z), and (9Z,11E)-9,11-hexadecadienals-possible candidate pheromones (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 795-807 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: (9z,11Z) ; (9E.11E) ; (9E,11Z) ; (9Z,11E)-9 ; 11-Hexadecadienals ; (9E)-hexadecen-11-yn-1-yl acetate ; syntheses ; aldehydes ; ester ; conjugated dienes ; dienals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The title compounds were prepared by six different routes, and recommendations are given for the more convenient procedures in laboratory-scale syntheses. Modifications in the literature preparations of the 9E,11E and 9E,11Z isomers are described. Baseline separation of a prepared mixture of all four isomers of the (9Z, 11Z), (9E, 11E), (9E, 11Z), and (9Z, 11E)-9,11-hexadecadienals was achieved using GC methods with standard capillary columns. [13C]NMR spectroscopy of the alkene carbon atoms clearly differentiates between theZ,Z, E,E and eitherE,Z orZ,E isomers of the precursor dienols and thus of the dienals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988544
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the polyblends of poly(vinyl chloride) with various methacrylate copolymers, physical and mechanical properties. I (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 38 (1989), S. 1401-1419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of blending various methacrylate copolymers on the physical and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) has been investigated. Copolymers of methylmethacrylate with methylacrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate in 80:20 and 50:50 wit methylmethacrylate have been prepared and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Polyblends of PVC and such polyacrylates have been prepared in 80:20 ratio by melt blending technique and characterized by thermomechanical analysis to study the glass transition behavior vis-à-vis the compatibility of these blends. Mechanical properties of these blends revealed a substantial increase in impact strength particularly when long chain acrylate polymers like butyl acrylate and 2-ethyl hexyl acrylates are used; however, there is a decrease in the yield stress and initial modulus. A shift from brittle failure to ductility has been observed in blends of PVC on incorporation of these acrylate copolymers. Scanning electron microscopic studies have been carried out to support these observations.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070380801
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the polyblends of poly(vinyl chloride) with various methacrylate copolymers, melt rheological properties. II (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 38 (1989), S. 1421-1437 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Studies have been made on the melt rheological properties of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with copolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), butyl acrylate (BA), and 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate (EHA) at a blending ratio of 80:20. Effect of blend composition on shear stress-shear rate, melt viscosity, melt elasticity, and extrudate distortion have been studied. A significant decrease in the melt viscosity is observed on incorporation of low Tg, acrylate copolymers such as those with BA and EHA, thereby reducing the processing temperature. First normal stress and die swell ratio also decreases with an increase in the side chains of acrylate copolymer. PVC blended with P(MMA-co-BA) and P(MMA-co-EHA) is sensitive to both temperature and shear stress.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070380802
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melt rheological behavior of PP-SAN blend (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 43 (1991), S. 1891-1900 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study of melt rheology of the blend of styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) and polypropylene (PP) in composition range 0-50 wt % SAN content is presented. Measurements are made on a capillary rheometer at temperatures of 210, 230, and 250°C. The data are presented as flow curves and variations of melt viscosity and melt elasticity as functions of shear rate and blend composition. Scanning electron micrographs are presented to illustrate the dispersion and other characteristics of the SAN droplets. Results of melt rheology are interpreted in terms of the role of SAN droplets in the blend.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070431014
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tensile properties of polypropylene/kaolin composites (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44 (1992), S. 353-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Tensile properties of isotactic polypropylene filled with particulate kaolin fillers were evaluated in the composition range 0-60 wt % kaolin. Tensile modulus increased with filler concentration while breaking elongation and tensile strength decreased. The modulus increase was attributed to the restriction on the molecular mobility of the polymer imposed by kaolin particles. The decrease in elongation was also an effect of this restriction coupled with interference to stress transfer by the filler particles. Generation of discontinuity in the composite structure through formation of stress concentration points accounted for the tensile strength decrease. Morphology studies by SEM also indicated the introduction of stress concentration points by the presence of bare and nonadherent kaolin particles and their agglomerates with sharp edges in these composites.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070440219
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal characteristics of silver powder-filled polypropylene composites (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 52 (1994), S. 1091-1103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The thermal properties of silver powder-filled polypropylene composites were studied as a function of filler concentration. Thermal conductivities of the composites increased with filler content. Comparison of the data with theoretical predictive models for two-phase systems showed that the Nielson equation agreed reasonably well with the measured values. A TGA study showed that presence of silver powder increased the thermal stability of polypropylene through an increase in activation energy. The thermal expansion coefficient of the composites exhibited a decreased in the presence of Ag powder. Surface treatment of Ag powder with a titanate coupling agent marginally increased thermal conductivity and decreased thermal expansion coefficient values, implying a degree of enhance adhesion of the filler with the polymer. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070520810
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical properties of silver-powder-filled polypropylene composites (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 323-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Mechanical properties, such as tensile and flexural properties, as well as impact behavior of silver-powder-filled isotactic polypropylene composites were investigated in the composite composition range of 0-5.6 vol% of Ag. Tensile modulus, strength, and elongation at break decreased with incorporation of silver and an increase in silver concentration. Analysis of tensile strength data indicated the introduction of stress concentration and discontinuity in the structure upon addition of Ag particles. Izod impact strength decreased sharply on addition of 0.43 vol % of Ag particles, beyond which the value decreased marginally. Both flexural modulus and strength increased with filler content due to an increase in rigidity. Surface treatment of filler marginally improved mechanical properties. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melt rheological properties of polypropylene-wood flour composites (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 2019-2032 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This article presents study of melt rheological properties of composites of polypropylene (i-PP) filled with wood flour (WF), at filler concentrations of 3-20 wt%. Results illustrate the effects of (i) filler concentration and (ii) shear stress or shear rates on melt viscosity and melt elasticity properties of the composites. Incorporation of WF into i-PP results in an increase of its melt viscosity and a decrease of melt elasticity such as die swell and first normal stress differences; these properties, however, depend on filler concentration. Processing temperature of the filled i-PP increases as compared to the nonfilled polymer.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070370721
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization of PP in PP/Ni composites and its correlation with tensile properties (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 1889-1899 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of nickel (Ni) powder on crystallization of polypropylene (PP) in PP/Ni composites is studied through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction techniques. Interpretation of crystallization exotherm peaks in terms of nucleation and growth rates of crystallization, crystallite size distribution, and crystallinity indicated differences in the morphology of PP in all the composites. Crystallinity and tensile behavior decreased on nickel addition. There is a good qualitative agreement in the crystallinity determined by X-ray diffraction and DSC exotherms, and the variation in both cases, with the volume percent of filler is similar. An attempt has been made to correlate the various tensile properties with the crystallization parameters such as the crystallinity and crystallite size distribution.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070370712
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on binary and ternary blends of polypropylene with ABS and LDPE. II. Impact and tensile properties (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 39 (1990), S. 515-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Studies on impact and tensile properties of binary blend of PP and ABS and ternary blend of PP, ABS, and LDPE are presented. Variation of impact strength and the fracture surface morphology with blend composition is examined and interpreted. Tensile behavior in the yield region is studied and the trends of variation of work of yield and impact strength are compared to ascertain the predominent mechanism of impact toughening in these binary and ternary blends. An analysis of yield-stress data in terms of theoretical models is presented to reveal the differences in these binary and ternary blends, attributable to the role of LDPE component in the ternary blend.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070390303
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