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  • Electronic Resource  (6)
  • 82.65  (3)
  • Schlüsselwörter Lunge  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SIMS and flash desorption studies of nickel oxygen interaction (1978)
    Springer
    Applied physics 16 (1978), S. 367-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 79.20 ; 82.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract O2 exposure of polycrystalline nickel at 300 K results in characteristics changes of secondary ion emission. These can be described by a model which is in good agreement with corresponding LEED, AES, XPS, and ΔΦ results of other authors. According to this model, oxygen can be bonded on Ni in at least five different phases: 1) chemisorption, indicated by a rapid increase of Ni+, Ni 2 + , and Ni2O+ (≦5 L); 2) a rearranged chemisorption layer, characterized by a drastic decrease of Ni+, Ni 2 + , and Ni2O+ (5–15 L); 3) nickel oxide (NiO) responsible for a strong NiO−- and NiO 2 − -emission (≦40 L); 4) oxygen on top of this NiO layer, producing a final increase of Ni+ and NiO+ and a O2-flash signal at 400 K (〉40 L); 5) bulk dissolved oxygen in thermal equilibrium with a chemisorption layer (after several exposure/heating cycles). During ion bombardment of a 100 L O2 exposed Ni surface these different binding states occur in a reversed order of succession. O2-flash signals at 400 and 1100 K, related to drastic changes in secondary ion emission at 400, 700, and 1100 K, reflect the disappearance of various oxygen binding states. The exchange between different oxygen phases was studied by16O2/18O2 isotope experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00885861
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some aspects of auger electron spectra of 3d transition metal oxides (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 13 (1977), S. 43-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 79.20 ; 82.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Auger electron spectra of the transition metals Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni as well as their oxides have been investigated in the energy range between 0–100 eV. In each case of the clean metal surface the observed spectrum consists essentially of one Auger line identified asM 2,3 VV transition. After oxidation a line doublet is observed revealing two transitions instead of one. Additional new Auger peaks appear in the low energy range between 0–30 eV. The “splitting” of the Auger line can be explained as resulting from aM 2,3 V dVd and aM 2,3 V pVp transition. The latter is characteristic for the compound and can in a simple way be interpreted as a cross transition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00890718
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast LEED intensity measurements with a video camera and a video tape recorder (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 19 (1979), S. 287-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 06.90+v ; 61.14-x ; 82.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The measurement of LEED intensities with a TV camera-computer system, which has been published in an earlier paper, is reported to be improved with respect to the speed of data collection by a factor of about 102. Other properties such as sensitivity, reliability and handling facility have also been improved. The new measuring mode, which applies a video tape recorder, allows the simultaneous measurement of all appearing diffraction spots down to a beam current of 10−11 A with a rate of 50 energy points/s. This pushes the total measuring time for LEED spectra to the order of seconds and makes possible to monitor non-stable surfaces. As an example intensity measurements for different adsorption stages of hydrogen on W(100) are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900472
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Onkogene und Tumorsuppres-sorgene bei der Pathogenese von Lungentumoren (1994)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 15 (1994), S. 321-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Lunge ; Tumorsuppressorgene ; Onkogene ; Krebsentstehung ; Key words Lung ; Tumor suppressor gene ; Oncogene ; Cancerogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The recent results obtained from investigations based on molecular biological techniques have led to a better understanding of recurrent genetic causes important for the pathogenesis of tumors. Several genes have been identified as being involved in the development of cancer. In many cases, the activation of oncogenes or the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes is the predominant reason for cancerogenic cell transformation. Functional dysregulation is frequently the consequence of mutations, resulting in an alteration of the primary structure of the DNA. As our understanding of the nature, function, and interaction of these genes evolves, new opportunities for early diagnosis, classification, prevention, and treatment of malignant tumors will arise. The present report summarizes the current molecular biological aspects of several oncogenes (erbB, ras, myc, raf, fos, jun, bcl, mdm 2, myb, kit CSF1R, met) and tumor suppressor genes (p 53, rb, mts) involved in lung-cancer development with respect to the pathology of lung tumors, including the importance of these genes as far as the clinical course of the disease is concerned.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Fortschritte der letzten Jahre, insbesondere auf dem Gebiet der molekularen Genetik, haben wesentlich zum besseren Verständnis der Genese und Progression von Tumoren beigetragen. Nach dem heutigen Erkenntnisstand besitzen morphologisch als tumorös charakterisierte Zellen unterschiedliche genetische Alterationen. Im Verlauf der Tumorprogression kann es zusätzlich zur Akkumulation weiterer genetischer Alterationen kommen. Nach den heute vorherrschenden Arbeitshypothesen sind für eine bösartige Entartung von Zellen 3–10, in der Regel unabhängige genetische Alterationen Voraussetzung. Die Veränderungen in der Erbsubstanz betreffen überwiegend solche Gene, die direkt oder indirekt das Wachstum, die Proliferation oder die Differenzierung der Zelle regulieren. Die für die Entstehung von Tumoren verantwortlichen Gene werden dabei in die Klassen der Onkogene und der Tumor Suppressor Gene oder Anti-Onkogene eingeteilt. Bei Onkogenen führt definitionsgemäß erst eine (Über-) Aktivierung des betreffenden (Proto-) Onkogens zu einer Entartung der Zelle – bei Tumor-Suppressor-Genen ist eine (Teil-) Inaktivierung des Gens Voraussetzung für eine Transformation der Zelle. Neben chromosomalen Abnormalitäten, die in der Regel größere Genomabschnitte betreffen und zum Teil bereits auf lichtmikroskopischer Ebene diagnostiziert werden, spielen bei der Genese und Progression von Lungentumoren gerade genetische Alterationen in Onko- oder Tumor-Suppressor-Genen eine zentrale Rolle. Die vorliegende Übersicht faßt Erkenntnisse über die Gene zusammen, die heute als Faktoren bei der Kanzerogenese von Lungentumoren Bedeutung erlangt haben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050061
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathologie und Molekularbiologie bösartiger pulmonaler Tumoren (2000)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 21 (2000), S. 404-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Lunge ; Lungentumoren ; Onkogene ; Tumorsuppressorgene ; Molekularpathologie ; Gentherapie ; Metastasierung ; Keywords Lung ; Lung cancer ; Oncogenes ; Tumor suppressor genes ; Molecular pathology ; Gene therapy ; Metastasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Therapy and prognosis of lung cancer depend crucially on tumor size, tumor stage, and the histomorphological tumor type at the time of primary diagnosis. A tumor weighing only 1 g and barely detectable by clinical examination consists of about 1×109 tumor cells. The primary histological diagnosis is generally based on small biopsies 1–2 mm in diameter, which allow the assessment of only a few up to some hundred tumor cells in a section of 4 μm. Until 20 years ago light microscopic and histochemical investigations were the basis for sophisticated morphological tumor diagnosis. In recent years electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, cytometry, and molecular biology have extended our knowledge of the complex tumor biology, with the range of phenotypes and genotypes indicating enormous tumor heterogeneity. The value, expressiveness, and prognostic importance of these laborious and expensive techniques must be examined in studies, keeping in mind new aspects of tumor classification. Histological and cytological findings are still the decisive basis for the primary diagnosis of the pathologist in any given case.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Therapie und Prognose bösartiger Tumoren der Lungen hängen entscheidend von Tumorgröße, Tumorstadium und der histopathologischen Charakterisierung zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnosestellung ab. Ein klinisch bedingt nachweisbarer Tumor von ca. 1 g Gewicht besteht bereits aus ca. 1 Mrd. Tumorzellen. Die histologische Primärdiagnose basiert im Regelfall auf 1–2 mm im Durchmesser großen Biopsiepräparaten, die in 4 μm dicken Schnitten die Bewertung von einzelnen bis maximal einigen 100 Tumorzellen erlauben. Bis vor 20 Jahren bildeten lichtmikroskopische und histochemische Untersuchungsverfahren die Basis für eine differenzierte morphologische Tumordiagnostik. Die Verfahren der Elektronenmikroskopie, Immunhistochemie, Zytometrie und Molekularbiologie haben unsere Kenntnisse zur komplexen Tumorbiologie mit variablen Bildern als Zeichen einer großen Tumorheterogenität in den letzten Jahren wesentlich erweitert. Wert, Aussagekraft und prognostische Bedeutung dieser aufwendigen und kostspieligen Zusatzuntersuchungen müssen aber unter Studienbedingungen vor dem Hintergrund neuer Gesichtspunkte zur Tumorklassifikation kritisch geprüft werden. Entscheidende Basis für die aktuelle pathologisch-anatomische Primärdiagnostik des Einzelfalles bleiben aber auch heute noch histologische und zytologische Untersuchungsbefunde.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920000409
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differentialdiagnose multipler Lungenrundherde Lymphomatoide Granulomatose (1996)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 17 (1996), S. 301-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Lunge ; Rundherde ; Lymphomatoide Granulomatose ; Differentialdiagnose ; Key words Pulmonary nodules ; Lymphomatoid granulomatosis ; Differential diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In addition to metastasis, the differential diagnosis of multiple pulmonary nodules also includes tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and silicosis. Rarer diseases such as amyloid tumors, rheumatic nodules and plasma-cell granulomas can be the cause of this finding. This depends on the clinical manifestation. Based on clinical findings of lymphomatoid granulomatosis, the problems in diagnostics using bronchoscopy, mediastinoscopy and thoracoscopy are outlined. Etiology, morphology and differential diagnosis of lymphomatoid granulomatosis versus necrotizing inflammatory or neoplastic lesions are discussed. Treatment and prognosis are described.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Differentialdiagnose multipler pulmonaler Rundherde umfaßt neben Metastasen auch die Tuberkulose, Sarkoidose und Silikose. Seltenere Erkrankungen wie Amyloidtumoren, Rheumaknoten und Plasmazellgranulome können sich – je nach klinischer Situation – hinter diesem Befund verbergen. Am Beispiel des Krankheitsbildes der lymphomatoiden Granulomatose wird die Problematik der klinisch-pathologischen Diagnosefindung unter Einsatz radiologischer, bronchoskopischer, mediastinoskopischer und thorakoskopischer Untersuchungsverfahren dargestellt. Ätiologie und Morphologie einschließlich differentialdiagnostischer Abgrenzungen zu nekrotisierenden entzündlichen und neoplastischen Erkrankungen sowie therapeutische Ansätze werden behandelt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050169
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