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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leukaemia inhibitory factor stimulates proteoglycan resorption in porcine articular cartilage (1993)
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 13 (1993), S. 5-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Arthritis ; Cytokines ; Chondrocytes ; Growth factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a secretory glycoprotein produced by tumour, mesenchymal and haemopoietic cells. LIF has been found to have pleiotropic actions that include the capacity to regulate cell differentiation, promote acute-phase protein synthesis and stimulate calcium release in bone explants. In view of its similarity to other cytokines that affect cartilage metabolism, the effects of LIF on proteoglycan resorption were examined in pig cartilage explants. Endotoxinfree recombinant mouse LIF was found to produce a dose-dependent increase in sulphated glycosaminoglycan (S-GAG) release (ED50=123 U/ml, approx. 25–50 pM). Statistically significant stimulation was observed with doses of 100 U/ml or greater. When pig cartilage was stimulated with maximum concentrations of LIF and either interleukin 1α (IL-1α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) or tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), in each case a significantly greater release of S-GAGs was observed than with the respective cytokines alone (P〈0.05). Comparison of the areas under the curves showed that the action of LIF was additive, and not synergistic with other catabolic cytokines. Dose-response studies showed that transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) produced a partial inhibition of LIF-stimulated release of S-GAGs (ED50=4.5 U/ml). Statistically significant inhibition was observed with doses of 2U/ml or greater. These results showed that LIF stimulated proteoglycan resorption in vitro and that this effect was modulated by other cytokines. Whether LIF contributes to the progressive destruction of cartilage in septic or chronic inflammatory arthritis remains to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00290327
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Traffic Management and Transport Mode on the Exposure of Schoolchildren to Carbon Monoxide (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 65 (2000), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Keywords: carbon monoxide ; traffic management ; transport mode ; GIS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The exposure to CO of schoolchildren was assessed in the town of Northampton, UK, both by direct measurement and by GIS-based activity modelling. Personal measurement of CO showed that exposures when travelling by car were significantly greater than those when walking, although journey times by car were shorter. However, journey exposures had little effect on maximum 8h mean CO exposures. CO concentration fields in the study area were modelled from current traffic flows, and those expected under different traffic management scenarios. These fields were then used, in combination with children's home and school location, and their activity profiles, to simulate frequency distributions of exposure for different transport modes and traffic management scenarios. The results show a large variability in the effect of traffic management interventions, depending on the child's home and school location.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006431301620
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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