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  • Electronic Resource  (5)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (4)
  • Bone  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An X-ray study of the paracrystalline nature of bone apatite (1977)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 24 (1977), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Paracrystallinity ; Hydroxyapatite ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary X-ray diffraction patterns from oriented bone sections show that the crystalline apatite content of untreated mature cortical bovine bone has, in fact, a paracrystalline structure (i.e., no long range order). There is anisotropy in both lattice distortions and the sizes of the coherently diffracting domains. The paracrystalline mean distance fluctuations, (g) were found to be 1.5 (±0.1)% and 2.9 (±0.2)% for the basal and prism planes respectively, the corresponding paracrystalline sizes being 220 (±20) and 70 (±10) Å. The paracrystalline structure became more ordered above 600°C, suggesting the association of hydroxyl and possibly carbonate and other ions with the paracrystalline structure. The paracrystalline model for bone apatite helps explain anomalies between X-ray and electron microscope measurements of crystal size and also some of the biological functions of the crystalline apatite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223323
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accelerated imidization reactions using microwave radiation (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 1647-1653 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: microwave processing ; imidization ; rapid curing ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Microwave radiation has been clearly shown to result in enhancement of the rate of reaction for an imidization reaction. Analysis of the kinetic parameters showed that the apparent activation energy for the reaction was reduced from 105 to 55 kJ/mol, under the conditions of this experiment. The mechanism which has been proposed to explain this enhancement is based on the concept of a nonuniform temperature on a molecular scale, rather than a true reduction in the activation energy. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300817
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of twinning produced by rolling and annealing in high- and low-density polyethylene (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 369-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.160100216
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of epoxy-surfactant interactions (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 2781-2792 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: waterborne epoxy ; surfactant ; cooperativity ; Fox equation ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: We have investigated epoxies based on the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) cured with 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (EMI-24) in the presence of the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100. A goal was to determine if the viscoelastic properties of the epoxy-surfactant system differed when prepared in bulk form, as opposed to being cast as a thin film on the surface of E-glass cloth. Such a combination of materials has generated great interest for potential use in the construction of laminated circuit boards. Using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), it was determined that the surfactant acts as a plasticizer and is miscible with the epoxy system in concentrations up to 15% by weight. The glass transition temperature (Tg) depression of the epoxy due to the surfactant was accurately described by the Fox equation. DMA master curves were constructed in the frequency domain. The temperature dependence of the shift factors was used to determine the fragility of each of the samples studied. It was found that the fragility (cooperativity) of the epoxy decreased as the concentration of surfactant increased, presumably due to a reduction of intermolecular constraints. The fragility of the combined epoxy-surfactant system increased when cast on the surface of the E-glass cloth. Results for our model epoxy-surfactant resin were in excellent agreement with those obtained using a commercially available aqueous waterborne epoxy resin. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 2781-2792, 1998
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Depth Profile Analysis of Multilayer Ni—Fe Alloy Coatings by Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GDOES) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Linescan - a Comparative Study (1997)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 25 (1997), S. 191-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: GDOES ; glow discharge ; optical emission ; depth profile ; interface ; resolution ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A comparative study of two techniques to depth profile multilayer Ni—Fe alloy coatings has been performed. Both conventional cross-sectioning with energy-dispersive x-ray imaging (EDX) and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES) sputter depth profiling methods have been compared in terms of analytical accuracy, spatial resolution, ease of use and ultimately overall cost.The advantages and disadvantages of each technique have been highlighted, and while both methods exhibit good compositional agreement, the GDOES technique offers great advantages in turn-around time due to the minimal sample preparation required. Additionally, where the overall coating is thin or individual layers are thin, then the spatial resolution of GDOES is much better than that of EDX.An objective definition for GDOES spatial resolution has been created based on the optimum resolution obtainable and represents the overall resolution minus the degradation due to crater shape. This is shown to be a factor of approximately four times better than the true spatial resolution, but nonetheless presents a useful baseline guide to what is actually observed. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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