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  • Digitale Medien  (6)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (5)
  • Bone marrow transplantation  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1619-0904
    Schlagwort(e): In vivo tissue engineering ; Bone marrow transplantation ; bFGF ; Release system of angiogenic growth factors ; Revascularization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract For successful in vivo tissue engineering, a growth factor release system will be useful. We adopted autologous bone marrow transplantation as an angiogenic growth factor release system. Bone marrow transplanted into a synthetic vascular prosthesis produced continuous synthesis of angiogenic growth factors, resulting in rapid neointima formation on the prosthesis after implantation. We expected a similar angiogenic phenomenon to occur if bone marrow was transplanted into ischemic myocardium. Bone marrow was transplanted into ischemic myocardium created in dogs. Marrow cells continued synthesis of angiogenic growth factors, which were effective in protecting the capillary network from ischemia, but not myocytes. Autologous bone marrow was injected intramuscularly into ischemic myocardium created in the left ventricular wall of dogs. Control operations were performed without bone marrow. On days 3 and 7, marrow cells survived, and their adjacent cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix were immunohistochemically bFGF reactive. At 3 weeks, no marrow cells were identified. Myocytes disappeared, but the capillary blood vessel networks remained. With some exceptions, these capillaries did not contain blood cell components. In the controls, scar tissue with a very small number of capillaries was formed. In conclusion, marrow cells survived for a short period of time after transplantation, and continued synthesis of angiogenic growth factors, which were effective in protecting endothelial cells from ischemia, but not myocytes. Therefore, the results also suggest that there are limitations in the treatment of ischemic myocardium using angiogenic growth factors alone.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 1139-1156 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Um die Grundzüge der Wachstumsreaktion bei der kationischen Polymerisation aufzuklären, wird eine Übersicht der Untersuchungen über die Wirkung einer β-Methylgruppe auf die Reaktivität von Vinyläthern und Styrolen gegeben. Obwohl die Elektronendichte an einem β-Kohlenstoff durch eine β-Methylsubstitution erniedrigt wird, erhöht sich die Reaktivität von Vinyläthern durch die β-Methylgruppe. Es wird daher angenommen, daß im Übergangszustand der Wachstumsreaktion von Vinyläthern eine wachsende Kette mit den π-Elektronen des α-Kohlenstoffs und des Äthersauerstoffs und zusätzlich noch mit dem β-Kohlenstoff in Wechselwirkung tritt. Es ist berichtet worden, daß im unpolaren Lösungsmittel cis-Propenyläther mehrfach so reaktiv sind wie trans-Propenyläther. In einem polaren Lösungsmittel weisen jedoch cis- und trans-Propenyläther fast die gleiche Reaktivität auf, und bei Isopropyl- und tert-Butylpropenyläther, die eine große Alkoxylgruppe besitzen, zeigt sich, daß das trans-Isomere reaktiver ist als das cis-Isomere. Diese Erscheinungen lassen sich mit dem Modell des Übergangszustands, wie oben vorgeschlagen, erklären.
    Notizen: To elucidate the feature of the propagation reaction in cationic polymerization, the studies on the effect of a β-methyl group on the reactivity of vinyl ethers and styrenes are summarized. Although the electron density on a β-carbon is decreased by β-methyl substitution, the β-methyl group increases the reactivity of vinyl ethers. Therefore, in the transition state of the propagation reaction of vinyl ethers, it is estimated that a propagating chain interacts with π-electrons of the α-carbon and ethereal oxygen in addition to the β-carbon. Cis-propenyl ethers have been reported to be several times as reactive as trans-propenyl ethers in a non-polar solvent. However, in a polar solvent, cis- and trans-propenyl ethers show nearly the same reactivity, and with isopropyl and tert-butyl propenyl ethers having a bulky alkoxyl group, the trans-isomer is found to be more reactive than the cis-isomer. These phenomena are interpreted by the transition state model proposed above.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 3603-3603 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 12 (1974), S. 613-626 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Ring-substituted phenyl propenyl ethers were found to form homopolymers without any rearrangement by metal halides. Phenyl propenyl ethers were less reactive than the corresponding phenyl vinyl ethers in cationic polymerization. In order to study the electronic effect of a substituent on the reactivity, cis-p-Cl,p-CH3, and p-CH3O-phenyl propenyl ethers were copolymerized with phenyl propenyl ether in methylene chloride at -78°C with stannic chloride-trichloroacetic acid, and their 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra were measured. The reaction constant ρ against Hammett σp was -2.1. The cis-phenyl propenyl ethers were slightly more reactive than the corresponding trans isomers. On the other hand, an o-methyl group decreased the reactivity of phenyl propenyl ether. The low reactivity of o-methyl phenyl propenyl ether was attributed to the steric hindrance between the propagating carbocation and the monomer.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A common-ion salt, tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate, was found to affect the monomer reactivity ratios in the cationic copolymerization by acetyl perchlorate of styrene with p-methylstyrene and of 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether with p-methylstyrene, but not those for the copolymerization of 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether with isobutyl vinyl ether. In the copolymerization of p-methylstyrene with styrene or with 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether, the addition of the common-ion salt in a polar solvent shifted the monomer reactivity ratios to those in a less polar solvent. The molecular weight distribution analysis of the copolymer suggested that the addition of the common-ion salt depresses the dissociation of propagating species. Therefore, it was concluded that a propagating species with a different degree of dissociation shows a different relative reactivity towards two monomers. The nature of propagating species was also discussed on the basis of the common-ion effect on the monomer reactivity ratios in various solvents.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: To determine the effect of the dissociation of propagating species on the relative reactivity of monomers, 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether was copolymerized with p-methoxystyrene or with p-methylstyrene by using iodine in various solvents at 0°C. A common-ion salt (tetra-n-butylammonium iodide or tetra-n-butylammonium triiodide) was added to these copolymerization systems in a polar solvent to depress the dissociation of the propagating species. The addition of a common-ion salt increased the vinyl ether content in the copolymer. The more the dissociation of propagating species was depressed, the more the vinyl ether content in the copolymer increased. This effect of common-ion salt was in agreement with that of decreasing solvent polarity which yielded vinyl ether-rich copolymer as well. Therefore, the change of the monomer reactivity ratio by the solvent polarity, which used to be explained in terms of a selective solvation, must be reconsidered from the viewpoint of varying degrees of the dissociation of propagating species.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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