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  • Electronic Resource  (5)
  • Brassica napus  (3)
  • Sperm cells  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of male and female gametes in higher plants (1991)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 4 (1991), S. 145-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Angiosperm gametes ; Egg cell ; Embryosac ; Gamete isolation ; Gametophytic cells ; Sperm cells ; Generative cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The availability of generative cells, sperm cells, embryo sacs and egg cells from angiosperm plants in isolated conditions has opened up many prospects: study of the mechanism of recognition and fusion between gametes of opposite sex and detailed observation of the process of fertilization, biochemical and genetic analysis of gamete-specific components and genetic engineering in combination with in vitro fertilization. This review provides a list of about ninety publications, in which the isolation of male or female angiosperm gametes and the closely related generative cells and embryo sacs is reported. The species used are summarized in two tables. A description is given of the diverse isolation techniques, which consist of enzymatic digestion, bursting of pollen by osmotic shock, squashing, grinding and micro-dissection. Viability of isolated cells and yield, two important aspects of biotechnological manipulation, are emphasized. A critical evaluation of the most significant results obtained so far with isolated material is presented together with notes on prospects for the future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189998
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brassica napus pollen development during generative cell and sperm cell formation (1991)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 4 (1991), S. 176-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Pollen ; Brassica napus ; Mitoses ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Brassica napus pollen development during the formation of the generative cell and sperm cells is analysed with light and electron microscopy. The generative cell is formed as a small lenticular cell attached to the intine, as a result of the unequal first mitosis. After detaching itself from the intine, the generative cell becomes spherical, and its wall morphology changes. Simultaneously, the vegetative nucleus enlarges, becomes euchromatic and forms a large nucleolus. In addition, the cytoplasm of the vegetative cell develops a complex ultrastructure that is characterized by an extensive RER organized in stacks, numerous dictyosomes and Golgi vesicles and a large quantity of lipid bodies. Microbodies, which are present at the mature stage, are not yet formed. The generative cell undergoes an equal division which results in two spindle-shaped sperm cells. This cell division occurs through the concerted action of cell constriction and cell plate formation. The two sperm cells remain enveloped within one continuous vegetative plasma membrane. One sperm cell becomes anchored onto the vegetative nucleus by a long extension enclosed within a deep invagination of the vegetative nucleus. Plastid inheritance appears to be strictly maternal since the sperm cells do not contain plastids; plastids are excluded from the generative cell even in the first mitosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190001
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The organization of the cytoskeleton in the generative cell and sperms ofHyacinthus orientalis (1992)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 168 (1992), S. 41-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Pollen tube ; Microtubules ; Cellular division ; Generative cell ; Sperm cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The microtubular cytoskeleton of the generative cell (GC) ofHyacinthus orientalis has been studied until the formation of the sperm cells (SCs). Immunofluorescence procedures in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) has enabled the visualization of the organization of the microtubular cytoskeleton. Chemical fixation and freeze-fixation electron microscopy have been used to investigate the cytoskeleton and the ultrastructural organization of the GC and SCs. During pollen activation the GC is spindle-shaped. Microtubules (MTs) are organized as bundles and distributed in proximity of the GC plasmamembrane, forming a basket-like structure. Following migration through the pollen tube, the basket-like structure becomes more intertwined. During the nuclear division the MTs are involved in the segregation of the chromosomes and kinetochores are clearly discernible. Association with organelles is also observed. The chromosomes of the GC remain condensed until they separate in two sperm nuclei. The pre-prophase band was never observed. At the end of the GC division the microtubular network reorganizes in the two SCs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01332649
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origin of sperm cell association in the “male germ unit” ofBrassica pollen (1989)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 149 (1989), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; Cell division ; Male germ unit ; Pollen ; Sperm cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The association of the two sperm cells inBrassica napus pollen following the generative cell division was investigated. The generative cell during division is located in the center of the pollen grain, within the vegetative cell. The space present between the two cells is slightly irregular as seen following standard glutaraldehyde fixation. After completion of mitosis vesicles appear in the equatorial plane, coalescing centripetally to form a cell plate which fuses with the membrane of the generative cell, dividing it in two sperm cells. They are isolated from the vegetative cell by the space between the two cell membranes and are separated from each other by a similar space resulting from the cell plate formed during cytokinesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623975
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the vegetative cell ofBrassica napus pollen with particular reference to microbodies (1989)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 152 (1989), S. 22-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; Vegetative cell ; Microbodies ; Pollen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the vegetative cell ofBrassica napus tricellular pollen grains, just before anthesis with standard chemical fixation, is reported. The vegetative cell may be regarded as a highly differentiated and metabolically active fat-storage cell. It contains many mitochondria with a well developed internal membrane system, starchless plastids, microbodies, lipid bodies, dictyosomes and numerous vesicles thought to originate from the dictysomes. Rough endoplasmic reticulum organized in stacks of cisternae is also spatially associated with certain organelles, mainly lipid bodies, microbodies and plastids. There are also randomly distributed polyribosome areas. The microbodies are mainly polymorphic in shape and are often observed in contact with lipid bodies. The above spatial relationship implies that the microbodies may have a glyoxysomal function. In the late period of vegetative cell maturation, the microbodies are probably involved in the process of glyconeogenesis in which the conversion of lipid reserves to sugar takes place.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01354236
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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