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  • Electronic Resource  (20)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (14)
  • Catalepsy  (2)
  • Paper  (2)
  • Syzygies  (2)
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  • Electronic Resource  (20)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On an implementation of standard bases and syzygies in SINGULAR (1996)
    Springer
    Applicable algebra in engineering, communication and computing 7 (1996), S. 235-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0622
    Keywords: Standard bases ; Syzygies ; Computer algebra system ; Highest corner ; EcartMethod
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract We describe an implementation of a general standard basis algorithm, valid for any monomial ordering compatible with the natural semigroup structure. We concentrate on new strategies which have proved useful, in particular in the non-wellordering case. Moreover, we describe the first implementation of Schreyer's method to compute syzygies and compare it with other, more classical methods. Comparisons of the computing time of several examples in the system SINGULAR give hints as to which strategies should be used in different classes of examples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01190332
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On an Implementation of Standard Bases and Syzygies in SINGULAR (1996)
    Springer
    Applicable algebra in engineering, communication and computing 7 (1996), S. 235-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0622
    Keywords: Key words Standard bases ; Syzygies ; Computer algebra system ; Highest corner ; EcartMethod.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract  We describe an implementation of a general standard basis algorithm, valid for any monomial ordering compatible with the natural semigroup structure. We concentrate on new strategies which have proved useful, in particular in the non-wellordering case. Moreover, we describe the first implementation of Schreyer’s method to compute syzygies and compare it with other, more classical methods. Comparisons of the computing time of several examples in the system SINGULAR give hints as to which strategies should be used in different classes of examples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01190332
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative merits of polystyrene foam and paper in hot drink cups: Implications for packaging (1991)
    Springer
    Environmental management 15 (1991), S. 731-747 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Polystyrene foam ; Paper ; Packaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract An analysis of the overall relative merits of the use of uncoated paper vs molded polystyrene bead foam in single-use 8-oz cups is described here as a manageable example of the use of paper vs plastics in packaging. In raw material requirements the paper cup required about 2.5 times its finished weight of raw wood and about the same hydrocarbon fueling requirement as is needed for the polystyrene foam cup. To process the raw materials about six times as much steam, 13 times as much electric power, and twice as much cooling water are consumed to produce the paper cup as compared to the polystyrene foam cup. Emission rates to air are similar and to water are generally higher for the paper cup. Virtually all primary use factors favor polystyrene foam over paper. Once used both cup types may be recycled. Landfill disposal of the two items under dry conditions will occupy similar landfill volumes after compaction and will confer similarly slow to nonexistent decomposition to either option. Under wet conditions polystyrene foam will not readily degrade, but may help other materials to do so. Paper under wet conditions will biodegrade to produce methane, a significant greenhouse gas, biochemical oxygen demand to any leachate, and instability to the land surface during the process. Both materials can be incinerated cleanly in a municipal waste stream with the option of energy recovery, to yield an ash volume of 2%–5% of the incoming waste volume. Overall this analysis would suggest that polystyrene foam, with an extension to plastics in general, should be given more evenhanded consideration relative to paper in packaging applications than is currently the case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02394812
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reusable and disposable cups: An energy-based evaluation (1994)
    Springer
    Environmental management 18 (1994), S. 889-899 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: China ; Glass ; Hard plastic ; Paper ; Polystyrene foam cups
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A group of five different types of reusable and disposable hot drink cups have been analyzed in detail with respect to their overall energy costs during fabrication and use. Electricity generating methods and efficiencies have been found to be key factors in the primary energy consumption for the washing of reusable cups and a less important factor in cup fabrication. In Canada or the United States, over 500 or more use cycles, reusable cups are found to have about the same or slightly more energy consumption, use for use, as moulded polystyrene foam cups used once and then discarded. For the same area paper cups used once and discarded are found to consume less fossil fuel energy per use than any of the other cup types examined. Details of this analysis, which could facilitate the comparative assessment of other scenarios, are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02393618
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for separate neuronal mechanisms for the discriminative stimulus and catalepsy induced by Δ9-THC in the rat (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 107 (1992), S. 117-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Discriminative stimulus ; Catalepsy ; Marijuana ; Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol ; Opiate ; Neuroleptic ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The cataleptogenic effect of Δ9-THC was compared to its discriminative stimulus effects in rats. The ED50s for the discriminative stimulus and catalepsy were 0.8 and 4.0 mg/kg, respectively, while their time courses were very similar. The ED50 of Δ9-THC for catalepsy in experimentally naive rats was not different from that in rats trained with the drug discrimination procedure, indicating that the cataleptogenic effect was not appreciably attenuated by long-term exposure to low doses of Δ9-THC. Pharmacologically, the catalepsy produced by Δ9-THC more closely resembled that of haloperidol than of morphine, since anticholinergic pretreatment eliminated the Δ9-THC-induced catalepsy while pre-treatment with naloxone had no effect. Although the cataleptogenic effect of Δ9-THC could be pharmacologically manipulated by anticholinergic pre-treatment, its discriminative stimulus effects were not changed in the same animals. These results demonstrate that distinctive mechanisms of action exist for these cannabinoid-induced behaviors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244975
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systemic or intrahippocampal cannabinoid administration impairs spatial memory in rats (1995)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 119 (1995), S. 282-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Radial-arm maze ; Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) ; CP-55,940 ; WIN-55,212-2 ; Anandamide ; Cannabidiol ; Hippocampus ; Antinociception ; Catalepsy ; Rectal temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate the disruptive effects of cannabinoids on working memory as assessed in the eight-arm radial-maze. Systemic administration of Δ9-THC, WIN-55,212-2, and CP-55,940 increased the number of errors committed in the radial-maze. CP-55,940 was the most potent cannabinoid in impairing memory (ED50=0.13 mg/kg). Δ9-THC and WIN-55,212-2 disrupted mazechoice accuracy at equipotent doses (ED50 values =2.1 and 2.2 mg/kg, respectively). In addition, systemic administration of each of these agents retarded completion time. Whereas the doses of Δ9-THC and CP-55,940 required to retard maze performance were higher than those needed to increase error numbers, WIN-55,212-2 was equipotent in both of these measures. On the other hand, neither anandamide, the putative endogenous cannabinoid ligand, nor cannabidiol, an inactive naturally occurring cannabinoid, had any apparent effects on memory. A second aim of this study was to elucidate the neuroanatomical substrates mediating the disruptive effects of cannabinoids on memory. Intrahippocampal injections of CP-55,940 impaired maze performance in a dose-dependent manner (ED50=8 µg/rat), but did not retard the amount of time required to complete the maze. The effects of intrahippocampal CP-55,940 were apparently specific to cognition because no other cannabinoid pharmacological effects (e.g., antinociception, hypothermia, and catalepsy) were detected. This dissociation between choice accuracy in the radial-maze and other cannabinoid pharmacological effects suggests that the working memory deficits produced by cannabinoids may be mediated by cannabinoid receptors in the hippocampus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246292
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-Soluble imide-amide copolymers. III. Preparation and characterization of poly (acrylamide-co-N,N-diallylaniline) and poly (acrylamide-co-sodium N,N-diallylsulfanilate)Presented at the 72nd Canadian Chemical Conference, Victoria, British Columbia, June 4-8, 1989.Dedicated to the memory of W. M. Leung (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 2983-2996 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N,N-diallylaniline monomer was prepared in good yields, for use in preparation of homopolymer and for copolymerization with acrylamide. Functionalized N,N-diallylaniline monomer, as sodium N,N-diallylsulfanilate, was also prepared in good yields for copolymerization with acrylamide. Both monomers were fully characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and NMR. Poly (N,N-diallylaniline) was obtained by polymerization of a strongly acidic aqueous solution of N,N-diallylaniline initiated with hydrogen peroxide. Spectroscopic data from this homopolymer was used to facilitate spectral assignments of the new copolymers. Copolymers of acrylamide with N,N-diallylamine were prepared at monomer feed ratios of 10, 20, and 30 mol % amine and gave 3.5, 7.4, and 8.9 mol % incorporation, respectively. Similar diallyl monomer incorporation rates were obtained for the copolymerization of sodium N,N-diallylsulfanilate with acrylamide. With 10, 30, and 50 mol % of the sodium salt relative to acrylamide, 3.9, 8.4, and 19.2 mol % incorporation of the diallyl monomer was obtained.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080281108
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Friedel-Crafts polymerizations. III. Polymerization of carbazole and N-alkyl derivatives with chloromethyl methyl ether/aluminum chloride (1986)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 24 (1986), S. 233-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1986.140240508
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymers containing polynuclear aromatics linked by one-carbon bridges (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 2037-2044 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Friedel-Crafts polymerization ; poly(arylene methylene)s ; synthesis ; polymers of naphthalene ; anthracene ; phenanthrene ; IR ; 1H and 13C-NMR ; soluble ; insoluble ; thermal stability ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conversion of naphthalene, anthracene, and phenanthrene to polymeric material via Friedel-Crafts chemistry was investigated. Synthesis of the polymers was accomplished by: (1) self-condensation of the chloromethylated aromatic substrate in the presence of AlCl3 or SnCl4 or (2) treatment with chloromethyl ethyl ether (CMEE) and SnCl4, producing the chloromethylated substrate in situ, followed by self-condensation polymerization. Soluble or insoluble polymers were preferentially produced by varying the stoichiometry, time, or temperature of the reaction. The resulting polymers consisted of the polycyclic aromatic nuclei bridged by methylene groups. The regiochemistry of the polymer linkages was determined through the use of IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR. The polymers showed relatively high thermal and thermo-oxidative stabilities (380-495°C). © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300930
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-Soluble imide-amide copolymers. I. Preparation and characterization of poly [acrylamide-co-sodium N-(4-sulfophenyl) maleimide]Presented at the 72nd Canadian Chemical Conference, Victoria, British Columbia, June 4-8, 1989.Dedicated to the memory of Dr. W. M. Leung (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 2949-2968 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sodium N-(4-sulfophenyl) maleimide (SPMI) and its saturated succinimide counterpart were first prepared according to established methods. Hydrolysis experiments on these monomers monitored by 1H-NMR showed that although SPMI monomer was about 15% hydrolyzed in D2O at 23°C in 24 h. Sodium N-(4-sulfophenyl) succinimide, which is similar in structure to the imide units in the copolymers, was only 1% hydrolyzed after 18 days at 23°C and 29% hydrolyzed after 18 days at 60°C. This indicated that the saturated imide rings in the copolymer might be sufficiently stable to hydrolysis for the copolymers to be useful. However, hydrolysis at high pH demonstrated that the imide rings would be rapidly saponified under alkaline conditions, destroying the structural rigidity that the intact rings might have provided in the copolymer chains. Sodium N-(4-sulfophenyl) maleimide (SPMI) was copolymerized with acrylamide in water at 30°C without cleavage of the imide ring. Water-soluble poly [acrylamide-co-sodium-N-(4-sulfophenyl) maleimide] (PAMSM) samples containing from 7.4 to 64 mol % imide were prepared. Photoacoustic FTIR and 13C-NMR spectra were used to confirm the structure of the copolymers obtained. Elemental analysis was used to determine the imide content of the copolymers, and from this composition data reactivity ratios were calculated for the two component monomers.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080281106
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