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  • Electronic Resource  (4)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (4)
  • calcium  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A versatile and quantitative computer-assisted photoelectronic technique used for the analysis of ciliary beat cycles (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 267-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: mammalian cilia ; respiratory tract ; mucociliary clearance ; laterofrontal cirri ; Mytilus edulis ; beat cycle ; computer analysis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The beat cycles of rabbit tracheal cilia in culture and Mytilus laterofrontal cirri were recorded using a phototransistor, transillumination, video, and phase-contrast microscopy. The photoelectronic signal and video image of the ciliary activity were simultaneously recorded as a composite image. The photoelectronic signal was converted into a digital signal by a data acquisition system for further computer processing.By the selection of a small detector area and accurate detector alignment, a simple, repetitive photoelectronic signal representing ciliary activity was obtained. This signal records the ciliary beat frequency and demonstrates the triphasic nature of the beat cycle. The photoelectronic signal can be precisely correlated with the ciliary activity by analysis of the composite video recordings to provide the duration of the effective, recovery, and rest phases of the beat cycle. The videophotoelectronic signal correlations were verified by high-speed cinematography. High-speed films of ciliary activity were digitized, and the image density of selected pixels was analyzed by computer with respect to time and ciliary motion.These studies indicate that duration of the phages of the beat cycle are differentially reduced with increased beat frequency; the effective phase duration was quickly reduced to a minimum. This was followed by the reduction of the duration of the recovery phase to a minimum. The rest phase continues to be reduced without reaching a minimum, over the range of beat frequencies observed. These results suggest that ciliary beat frequency may be regulated either by modifying the rates of dynein-microtubule interactions or the rate of transition from one beat phase to the next.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050402
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of serum immunoglobulins on the metachronal coordination of the lateral cilia of Mytilus edulis (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 4 (1984), S. 103-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cilia ; metachrony ; serum immunoglobulins ; IgM ; Mytilus edulis ; cystic fibrosis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Human IgM and a bovine, IgM-enriched serum fraction isolated from normal adult serum at concentrations of 0.25-1 mg/ml protein induced a pronounced increase in the metachronal wavelength of the lateral (L) cilia of the sea mussel Mytilus edulis without altering their beat frequency. This change in activity was indistinguishable from that induced by 50% adult human or bovine serum. At protein concentrations ranging from 1-9 mg/ml, human IgG or a bovine, IgG-enriched serum fraction had no or little effect on the activity of the L cilia. Similarly, neither monomeric (8S) human IgM (0.25 mg/ml) nor monospecific pentameric IgM (1 mg/ml) isolated from Waldenström's macroglobulinemia patients altered the metachrony of the L cilia. Indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated that both bovine and human IgM became attached almost exclusively to the L cilia, while very little bovine or human IgG was found to associate with these cilia.The results of this study suggest that serum IgM specifically binds to the L cilia of Mytilus in an antigen-antibody manner and agglutinates adjacent cilia into blocks or bundles, thereby increasing the coupling between cilia. As a result, the wavelength of the metachronal coordination is increased. The origin of these ciliary antibodies and their significance to ciliary bioassays used to monitor serum for the detection of cystic fibrosis are discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970040204
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple effects of ethanol and 5-hydroxytryptamine on the gill cilia of mytilus edulis (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 2 (1982), S. 215-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Mytilus edulis ; 5-hydroxytryptamine ; cilia ; ethanol ; axoneme ; calcium ; filter feeding ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The lateral (L) cilia on an isolated filament from the gill of Mytilus edulis remain arrested at the end of their recovery stroke (hands up) when perfused with artificial sea water (ASW). The laterofrontal (LF) cilia continue to be active. The addition of 10% ethanol (ETOH) to the ASW perfusate arrests the LF cilia in a hands-up posture; the L cilia remain undisturbed. By contrast, 10-6 M 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) in ASW activates the L cilia and arrests the LF cilia at the end of their effective stroke (hands down). Continued perfusion with 10% ETOH (v/v) in ASW/5HT restores activity to the LF cilia but arrests the L cilia (hands up). These effects are reversible and independent of external Ca2+.Following the detergent extraction of the filament, all gill cilia are inactive. The addition of 0.2 mM ATP in the presence of low Ca2+ (〈 10-7 M) reactivates all model cilia. Under these conditions, 5HT can no longer inhibit the activity of LF cilia and is not required for the activation of the L cilia. This suggests that 5HT acts at a membrane level. An increase in free Ca2+ (〉 10-6 M) arrests the L cilia hands up; the LF cilia remain active. Further Ca2+ increase (〉 10-3 M) induces hands-up arrest of the LF cilia, confirming that the Ca2+ threshold of the two ciliary types is different by several orders of magnitude.The addition of 10% ETOH in low Ca2+ to demembranated reactivated cilia arrests the L cilia hands up while the LF cilia continue to beat. Ten percent ETOH appears to interact with the axoneme, mimicking the effect of high Ca2+ and with the membrane to increase Ca2+ permeability and possibly to inactivate 5HT receptors. These results are discussed in terms of axonemal switching mechanisms and the physiological control of filter feeding in the lamellibranch gill.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970020303
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The antagonistic effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine and methylxanthine on the gill cilia of mytilus edulis (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 293-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Mytilus edulis ; 5-hydroxytryptamine ; lateral cilia ; laterofrontal cirri ; beat frequency ; methylxanthine ; filter-feeding ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The laterofrontal (LF) cirri on isolated gill filaments of Mytilus edulis, prepared in natural seawater, are active and initially beat with an average frequency of about 8 Hz (with a range of 6-14 Hz). However, the lateral (L) cilia on these filaments are arrested in a position at the end of their recovery stroke. Perfusion of the filament with artificial seawater (ASW), with or without 1% ethanol, has little or no biological effect on the activity of the LF cirri, although a transitory decrease in frequency often accompanies the perfusion process. The L cilia remain arrested during perfusion with ASW. The exposure of the gill to low levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) (10-8 〈 5HT 〈 10-7 M) has no effect on the activity of the LF cirri but stimulates the L cilia to beat. Exposure to higher concentrations of 5HT (〉 10-7 M) elevates the beat frequency of the L cilia and simultaneously inhibits the activity of the LF cirri, leading to their arrest in a position at the end of the effective stroke. This arrest of the LF cirri occurs as the L cilia attain a 5HT-induced beat frequency between 12 to 14 Hz. The influence of 5HT on the L cilia and the LF cirri can be reversibly mimicked or enhanced by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). A concentration of 0.5 mM IBMX mimics low 5HT concentrations (about 10-7 M) by stimulating the L cilia to beat without affecting the beat frequency of the LF cirri. A combimation of 10-7 M 5HT and 0.5 mM IBMX in ASW mimics high (〉 10-6 M) 5HT concentrations by arresting the LF cirri and increasing the beat frequency of the L cilia. Under these conditions, the threshold of the LF cirri arrest response is again found to occur as the L cilia attain a beat frequency of 12 - 14Hz. These results suggest that the mechanisms of LF cirri arrest and L cilia activation are mediated by 5HT -induced changes in intracellular cyclic AMP levels.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050403
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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