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  • Electronic Resource  (7)
  • Gene expression  (3)
  • Collusion  (2)
  • Startle  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine: Spinal cord and brainstem mediation of excitatory effects on acoustic startle (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 70 (1980), S. 123-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Startle ; Dimethyltryptamine ; Serotonin ; Cinanserin ; Cyproheptadine ; Propranolol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of different doses (0.03, 0.06, 0.12, 0.25, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg/kg body weight) of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) were tested on the acoustic startle reflex in rats. Beginning at 0.12 mg/kg, 5-MeODMT increased startle monotonically up to the highest dose used. 5-MeODMT still increased startle in acutely decerebrate rats or when infused directly onto the spinal cord. The excitatory effects of a high systemic dose of 5-MeODMT were completely blocked by cinanserin, cyproheptadine, and propranolol, but not by parachlorophenylalanine, α-methyl-p-tyrosine, haloperidol, sotalol, or phenoxybenzamine. The results were discussed in terms of a new theory, which suggests that stimulation of serotonin receptors in the spinal cord enhance startle whereas serotonin receptors in the forebrain inhibit startle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00435302
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spinal modulation of acoustic startle: Opposite effects of clonidine and d-amphetamine (1981)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 75 (1981), S. 219-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Startle ; Clonidine ; Spinal cord ; Yohimbine ; d-Amphetamine ; Norepinephrine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Direct infusion of d-amphetamine (25–400 μg) or phenylephrine (12.5–50 μg) onto the spinal cord (intrathecal administration) increased acoustic startle amplitude. These effects were blocked by IP injection of the α1-adrenergic antagonist WB-4101, but not the serotonin antagonist cyproheptadine. In contrast, intrathecal administration of clonidine (0.9–12.5 μg) markedly depressed startle. This effect was not blocked by IP administration of WB-4101 or cyproheptadine, but was blocked by IP or intrathecal administration of the α2-adrenergic antagonist yohimbine (5 mg/kg), which by itself increased startle. Moreover, intrathecal yohimbine (100 μg) attenuated the depressant effect of IP clonidine, indicating that the spinal cord partially mediates the depressant effects on startle after systemic administration of clonidine. Thus clonidine does not behave like an α1-adrenergic on acoustic startle, even when introduced directly onto the spinal cord. Conditions under which clonidine produces excitatory or depressant behavioral effects are discused.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432427
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of abundant mRNAs during somatic embryogenesis of white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] (1996)
    Springer
    Planta 199 (1996), S. 459-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Embryo abundant gene ; Gene expression ; Polyethylene glycol ; Picea ; Somatic embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Embryogenic tissues of white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] remain in an early developmental stage while cultured on 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and N6-benzyladenine, but develop to cotyledonary embryos when these phytohormones are replaced by abscisic acid. Twenty-eight cDNAs were isolated from cotyledonary embryos by differential screening against immature embryo and non-embryonic tissues. Temporal expression patterns of these cDNAs during ABA-stimulated somatic embryo development were observed. This showed that clones could be allocated to various groups, including embryo-abundant, embryo-maturation-induced, and those whose expression was modulated during embryo development, germination or in non-embryogenic tissues. Expression corresponding to these cDNA clones showed that there were various responses to exogenous ABA or polyethylene glycol during a period of 48 h. Analyses of DNA and predicted amino acid sequence revealed that 12 of 28 cDNA clones had no known homologues, while others were predicted to encode different late-embryogenesis-abundant proteins, early methionine-labelled proteins, storage proteins, heat-shock proteins, glycine-rich cell wall protein, metallothionein-like protein and some other metabolic enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195740
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of three heat-shock-protein genes and their developmental regulation during somatic embryogenesis in white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] (1996)
    Springer
    Planta 200 (1996), S. 85-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Somatic embryogenesis ; Gene expression ; Heat shock protein ; Picea ; Polyethylene glycol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three cDNAs (PgEMB22, 27 and 29) predicted to encode low-molecular-weight (LMW) heat-shock proteins (HSPs) were cloned and characterized from white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] somatic embryo tissues by differentially screening a cotyledonary embryo cDNA library. Clone PgEMB22 is predicted to encode a putative mitochondria-localized LMW HSP, and PgEMB27 and 29 are predicted to encode different cytoplasmic class II LMW HSPs, although they share 84.7% identity within DNA coding regions and 83.0% identity for predicted proteins. They are developmentally regulated during somatic embryo development and subsequent embryo germination, in addition they show strong response to heat-shock stress. Transcripts of the two kinds of hsp genes could be detected in embryogenic tissues before induction of embryo maturation, but subsequently increased, being most abundant at late embryo stages. Gene expression levels were very low or not detectable in germinated plantlets or needle tissues from older plants. Abscisic acid and polyethylene glycol, stimulators for spruce embryo maturation, could also induce the hsp genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196653
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of cDNAs representing five abscisic acid-responsive genes associated with somatic embryogenesis in Picea glauca, and their responses to abscisic acid stereostructure (1997)
    Springer
    Planta 203 (1997), S. 448-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Abscisic acid ; Gene expression ; lea genes ; Picea (somatic embryogenesis) ; Somatic embryo development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Five abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive cDNAs that were identified by differential screening of a white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] cotyledonary somatic embryo cDNA library are characterized. Three of the cDNAs (PgEMB12, 14, 15) are predicted to encode homologues of different late-embryogenesis-abundant (LEA) proteins, a further two (PgEMB 5 and 23) share little similarity to any known DNA or protein sequences. When suspension cultures were fed 1.5 × 105 M S-(+)-ABA and assessed for transcript abundance over 48 h, gene expression corresponding to each lea-like gene was inducible and was evident during the 48-h period. Conversely, transcripts were at a very low abundance when suspensions were fed R-(−)-ABA. When suspensions were treated with a range of S-(+)-ABA and R-(−)-ABA concentrations (10−7–10−4 M), expression was induced at S-(+)-ABA concentrations of 10−5 M or above. Expression corresponding to PgEMB5 and PgEMB23 indicates less specificity for ABA stereostructure, with similar expression patterns being observed for either enantiomer during the 48 h after feeding. The two corresponding genes also appear more responsive to ABA concentration than the predicted lea genes, within the range examined (10−7–10−4 M).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050213
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficiencyv. collusion: Evidence cast in cement (1994)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 9 (1994), S. 379-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Collusion ; efficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Through the 1970s and 1980s, the U.S. portland cement industry experienced a significant increase in average plant size and market concentration. A simultaneous equation model is developed to examine the effects of plant size and concentration on costs, prices and margins in that industry. The results indicate the presence of significant scale economies, but also show that prices and margins are increasing in concentration. Further analysis shows that almost one third of the cost savings associated with larger plants are passed on to producers through higher margins resulting from concomitant increases in concentration, rather than to consumers as lower prices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01029512
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CooperationV. Rivalry and factors facilitating collusion (1994)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 9 (1994), S. 823-838 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Collusion ; conjectures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract A perennial topic in industrial economics is collusion. Kwoka and Ravenscraft (1986) developed a model to measure the collusiveness of conjectures across industries as a function of intra-industry rivalry among leading firms. But extensive literature suggests that the degree of collusion may also depend upon underlying market characteristics. We modify the Kwoka and Ravenscraft model to account for this. Our results suggest that underlying market characteristics do matter. Intra-industry rivalry and conjectures vary with the level and stability of concentration, and to a lesser degree with product homogeneity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026587
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