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  • Electronic Resource  (4)
  • Skeletal muscle  (2)
  • Complex karyotypes  (1)
  • Immunophenotypic  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Acute leukemia ; Diagnosis ; Immunophenotypic ; Cytogenetics ; Molecular genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Diagnostic accuracy in acute leukemia (AL) can be improved if traditional morphology and cytochemistry are supplemented with immunophenotypic and genotypic analyses. This multiparameter approach is of crucial importance for the management of patients, as it enables the identification of leukemic syndromes with distinct biological features and response to treatment. Immunophenotyping using monoclonal antibodies has been universally accepted as a useful adjunct to morphological criteria. This technique is particularly valuable in diagnosing and subclassifying acute lymphoblastic leukemia and is also essential in certain types of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), such as AML with minimal differentiation or acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Cytogenetic findings can be quite helpful in establishing the correct diagnosis and can add information of prognostic significance. A number of specific chromosomal abnormalities have been recognized that are very closely, and sometimes uniquely, associated with morphologically and clinically distinct subsets of leukemia. An even more basic understanding of normal and malignant hematopoietic cells has begun to evolve as molecular biology begins to unravel gene misprogramming by Southern and Northern blot analysis, the polymerase chain reaction, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. With the extensive use of these techniques it has become apparent that a proportion of leukemias exhibit the biologically relevant molecular defect in the absence of a karyotypic equivalent. On the other hand, apparently uniform chromosomal abnormalities such as the t(1;19) (q23;p13), t(9;22) (q33;q11), t(8;14) (q24;q32), or t(15;17) (q21;q21) may differ at the molecular level. Data collected from these modern technologies have introduced a greater complexity, which needs to be taken into consideration to improve both the diagnostic precision and the reproducibility of current classifications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words AML-M0 ; Anti-MPO ; Complex karyotypes ; MDR phenotype
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  FAB proposals for the diagnosis of AML-M0 represent the formal recognition of a distinct entity which has been described over the past few years by several authors and called minimally differentiated acute myeloid leukemia. By definition, AML-M0 includes acute leukemias which do not fit morphological and cytochemical criteria for the diagnosis of AML, and for which myeloid lineage assignment can be made by immunological assay showing positivity for MPO, CD13, and CD33 and negativity for lymphoid markers. Involvement of an early myeloid progenitor in the leukemic process is a possible theory hypothesized to explain the existence of such a form. Validity of this assumption has been based on the observation that AML-M0 frequently bears "stem cell" markers such as CD34, HLA-DR, Tdt, CD7, and promiscuous IgH/TCR gene rearrangements, which are thought to occur in uncommitted cells. Finally, AML-M0 very frequently carries cytogenetic abnormalities common to MDS or secondary AML, such as -5/5q- or -7/7q- deletions and or complex karyotype. In our experience, AML-M0 is also very often associated with the MDR phenotype, which in turn has been found strictly linked to "stem cell" features, especially in MDS. These biological aspects, altogether, translate into a very unfavorable prognosis, confirming even from a clinical point of view that AML-M0 is a distinct entity. In conclusion, "stem cell" markers, MDR phenotype, complex chromosome lesions, frequent occurrence in elderly patients, and intrinsic chemoresistance characterize AML-M0 and indicate the need for tailored treatments, possibly involving the use of MDR modulators and/or differentiating agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: C-protein ; Isoforms ; Cardiac muscle ; Skeletal muscle ; Western blots ; Immunofluorescent microscopy ; Axolotl ; Ambystoma mexicanum (Urodela)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Of the several proteins located within sarco-meric A-bands, C-protein, a myosin binding protein (MyBP) is thought to regulate and stabilize thick filaments during assembly. This paper reports the characterization of C-protein isoforms in juvenile and adult axolotls, Ambystoma mexicanum, by means of immunofluorescent microscopy and Western blot analyses. C-protein and myosin are found specifically within the A-bands, whereas tropomyosin and α-actin are detected in the I-bands of axolotl myofibrils. The MF1 antibody prepared against the fast skeletal muscle isoform of chicken C-protein specifically recognizes a cardiac isoform (Axcard1) in juvenile and adult axolotls but does not label axolotl skeletal muscle. The ALD66 antibody, which reacts with the C-protein slow isoform in chicken, local- izes only in skeletal muscle of the axolotl. This slow axolotl isoform (Axslow) displays a heterogeneous distribution in fibers of dorsalis trunci skeletal muscle. The C315 antibody against the chicken C-protein cardiac isoform identifies a second axolotl cardiac isoform (Axcard2), which is present also in axolotl skeletal muscle. No C-protein was detected in smooth muscle of the juvenile and adult axolotl with these antibodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: C-protein ; Isoforms ; Cardiac muscle ; Skeletal muscle ; Western blots ; Immunofluorescent microscopy ; Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum (Urodela)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Of the several proteins located within sarcomeric A-bands, C-protein, a myosin binding protein (MyBP) is thought to regulate and stabilize thick filaments during assembly. This paper reports the characterization of C-protein isoforms in juvenile and adult axolotls, Ambystoma mexicanum, by means of immunofluorescent microscopy and Western blot analyses. C-protein and myosin are found specifically within the A-bands, whereas tropomyosin and α-actin are detected in the I-bands of axolotl myofibrils. The MF1 antibody prepared against the fast skeletal muscle isoform of chicken C-protein specifically recognizes a cardiac isoform (Axcard1) in juvenile and adult axolotls but does not label axolotl skeletal muscle. The ALD66 antibody, which reacts with the C-protein slow isoform in chicken, localizes only in skeletal muscle of the axolotl. This slow axolotl isoform (Axslow) displays a heterogeneous distribution in fibers of dorsalis trunci skeletal muscle. The C315 antibody against the chicken C-protein cardiac isoform identifies a second axolotl cardiac isoform (Axcard2), which is present also in axolotl skeletal muscle. No C-protein was detected in smooth muscle of the juvenile and adult axolotl with these antibodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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