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  • Electronic Resource  (4)
  • Confocal laser scanning microscopy  (2)
  • Flexible Bronchoskopie  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1436-3771
    Keywords: Key words Dentine ; enamel junction ; Odontoblast processes ; Dentinal tubules ; Confocal laser scanning microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The translucency of teeth allows the non-destructive subsurface visualisation of their microstructure by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) at a level of about 150 μm below the surface. The dentine–enamel junction (DEJ) is accessible only directly adjacent to the cervix of the tooth. Therefore teeth have to be sectioned for studying marginal areas of the dental hard tissue. The potential of the technique for (pseudo) three-dimensional visualisation allows the study of an array of individual confocal images, the interpretation of which is similar to that of macroscopic tomographs (CT-scan, MRI). Additionally, the extended focus mode yields the overlay of individual confocal images in the form of a two-dimensional projection. This mode of operation proved to be particularly suited for the visualisation of odontoblast processes in their whole extension. The three-dimensional junction between enamel and dentine, the branches of the odontoblast processes and their interactions with the DEJ is demonstrable by CLSM without staining or other procedures of sample preparation. The direct microscopic comparison between samples, either fresh or kept in a humid chamber, and Technovit-embedded sample blocks gives evidence that the risk of artefacts by sample storage or by the embedding procedure is minimal. The tomographs limited to subsurface areas of the tissue also exclude mechanical surface artefacts due to grinding or cutting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 2 (1998), S. 85-90 
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Strahlenkaries ; In-vitro-Demineralisation ; Konfokale Laser-Scanning-Mikroskopie ; Key words Radiation caries ; In vitro demineralisation ; Confocal laser scanning microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Objective: The volume of literature on radiation-induced caries is still inconsistent as regards the state of the art. Our histotomographic studies have shown direct radiogenic effects on the dentoenamel junction (atrophy of the odontoblast processes). Whether there are direct effects of radiation on dental enamel is not yet known. Material and Method: Sound teeth (group 1, n = 10) were compared either with enamel specimens after high dose in vitro radiation (500– 2500 Gy; group 2; n = 10) and after experimental enoral in situ irradiation (60 Gy; group 3; n = 20), or with teeth from patients after cancer radiotherapy (36 Gy; group 4; n = 20) and with teeth which had obviously decayed due to cancer radiotherapy (60 Gy; group 5; n = 20). Vestibular enamel surfaces of the teeth were exposed to identical in vitro demineralizations (lactic acid gel; pH = 5.0). Each of the samples was prospectively studied histologically by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) after 90, 180 and 270 min of acid interaction. Data were interpreted micromorphometrically (width of the demineralized area) and micromorphologically. Results: The width of the demineralized area varies between the two in vivo irradiated groups of specimens (group 4: P 〈 0.01; group 5: P 〈 0.001) and the high dose in vitro irradiated teeth (P 〈 0.01) and is significantly different from the sound controls. The histological image of the demineralization in subsurface areas in the teeth of radiotherapy patients is characterized by a total loss of the prismatic structure (homogeneously, amorphous substance). Conclusions: Direct radiogenic effects at the dentoenamel junction have been described earlier. The additional information offered by this study is that there are significant micromorphometric differences in the demineralizing behaviour of irradiated enamel. Obviously, enamel is less resistant to acid attack after irradiation.
    Notes: Fragestellung: Das umfangreiche Schrifttum zur Strahlenkaries zeigt den kontroversen Forschungsstand. Eigene Untersuchungen haben direkt radiogene Veränderungen an der Schmelz-Dentin-Grenze histotomographisch nachweisen können (Atrophie der Odontoblastenfortsätze). Offen ist die Frage nach direkten Strahlenfolgen im Schmelz. Material und Methode: Gesunde Zähne (Gr. 1, n = 10) wurden mit Proben nach hochdosierter In-vitro- (500–2500 Gy, Gr. 2, n = 20) und nach experimentell-enoraler In-situ-Bestrahlung (60 Gy, Gr. 3, n = 20) sowie mit Zähnen von Patienten nach präoperativer Strahlentherapie (36 Gy, Gr. 4, n = 20) und strahlenkariösen Zähnen nach tumortherapeutischer Strahlendosis (60 Gy, Gr. 5, n = 20) verglichen. Im direkten Parallelgruppenvergleich erfolgte eine standardisierte In-vitro-Demineralisierung (Milchsäuregel pH 5,0) an den vestibulären Schmelzoberflächen. Jede Probe wurde prospektiv histologisch durch konfokale Laser-Scanning-Mikroskopie (CLSM) nach 90, 180 und 270 min Entmineralisierung untersucht. Die Auswertung erfolgte mikromorphometrisch (Breite des Demineralisationssaums) und mikromorphologisch. Ergebnisse: Die Breite des Demineralisationssaums unterschied sich sowohl bei beiden in vivo bestrahlten Probengruppen (Gr. 4: p 〈 0,01; Gr. 5: p 〈 0,001) als auch bei den hochdosiert in vitro bestrahlten Zähnen (p 〈 0,01) signifikant von den Befunden der gesunden Kontrollen. Das histologische Bild der Demineralisation an den Zahnoberflächen von Radiotherapiepatienten zeigte dabei einen völligen Verlust der Prismenstruktur (homogen amorphe Substanz). Schlußfolgerungen: Direkte Strahlenfolgen an der Schmelz-Dentin-Grenze wurden in früheren Untersuchungen dargestellt. Zusätzlich konnten jetzt signifikante mikromorphometrische Unterschiede im Demineralisierungsverhalten des bestrahlten Schmelzes gezeigt werden. Offensichtlich ist der Schmelz nach der Bestrahlung für einen Säureangriff weniger resistent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 361 (1983), S. 904-904 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Flexible bronchofiberscope ; Flexible Bronchoskopie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Flexible Bronchoskope haben folgende Vorteile gegenüber den starren Geräten: in Lokalanästhesie kann der Patient ambulant untersucht werden. Weiter peripher gelegene, dadurch kleinere Tumore können histologisch gesichert werden. Gezielte Bronchographien mit Absaugung des Kontrastmittels aus der Peripherie sind möglich, kleine Bronchialeinrisse peripher können erkannt werden. Fremdkörper sind auch mit flexiblen Instrumenten leicht zu entfernen. Die postoperative Bronchialtoilette mit dem flexiblen Bronchoskop gewährleistet hohe Effektivität und geringe Verletzungsgefahr des Bronchialepithels. In Diagnostik und Therapie ist das starre durch das flexible Bronchoskop überholt.
    Notes: Summary Flexible bronchoscopes have advantages over rigid instruments. In an outpatient under local anesthesia, more peripheral, smaller tumors can be histologically proved. Bronchography can be performed purposefully with aspiration of the contrast medium. Small peripheral ruptures of the bronchial tree can be recognized. All kinds of foreign bodies can be removed by flexible instruments. Postoperative bronchial cleaning is highly effective and there is only a low risk of injuring the bronchial epithelium. For diagnosis and therapy the rigid instruments are antiquated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 361 (1983), S. 770-771 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Flexible bronchofiberscopy ; Bronchial cleansing ; Flexible Bronchoskopie ; Bronchialtoilette
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bronchialtoilette beginnt mit Entfernung von Fremdkörpern. Über eine Spezialmaske (Groitl) können diese auch bei Kindern mit flexiblen Bronchoskopen entfernt werden. Die herkömmliche Methode der Katheterabsaugung verletzt das Bronchialepithel erheblich. Mit dem flexiblen Bronchoskop können beide Seiten des Bronchialsystems gleich gut erreicht und von Sekret gereingt werden. Die Technik ist einfach. Jeder auf der Intensivstation tätige Arzt sollte mit dem flexiblen Bronchoskop die Bronchialtoilette durchführen können. Die Erfahrung von ca. 7000 bronchoskopischen Absaugungen erklärt den Erfolg und macht das Blähen bei Atelektasen überflüssig.
    Notes: Summary Cleansing the bronchial tubes includes, first of all, removal of foreign bodies. Via a special mask (Groitl) foreign bodies can be taken out even in children. The usual method suctioning with a catheter can injure the bronchial epithelium. With the flexible bronchofiberscope both sides of the bronchial tree can be reached and cleansed of secretions. The technique is simple, and every physician in an intensive care unit should be able to handle a flexible scope to clean thebronchial tubes. In more than 7,000 cases this method has proven successful and has eliminated the necessity of using the inflating procedure in atelectases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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