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  • Electronic Resource  (32)
  • General Chemistry  (30)
  • Ethanol  (2)
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  • Electronic Resource  (32)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol ; Hippocampus ; Limbic system ; Electroencephalogram ; Multiple unit activity in brain ; Rabbits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study was a follow-up to our earlier data which indicated that the hippocampus was one of the brain areas in which ethanol had a preferential action. Rabbits were chronically implanted with electrodes in 9 brain areas associated with the hippocampus. The EEG and multiple-unit activity were recorded simultaneously in each area before and for 15 min after i.p. injection of ethanol at dosages of 0, 150, 300, or 600 mg/kg, given in random order. Subjective evaluation of EEG tracings from all brain areas did not disclose any regional differences. The incidence of hippocampal theta rhythm was depressed transiently at the 2 lower doses and was increased in some rabbits at later post-injection times after the largest dose. Quantitative analysis of the unit activity revealed several major effects of ethanol. Individual rabbits varied significantly in their degree of response. The effects of ethanol included phasic decreases and increases, which varied with the brain area and the dose. A predominant depression of MUA occurred in the septum, fimbria/fornix, entorhinal cortex, and CA1 zone of the hippocampus. Large transient increases in MUA were noted in the CA1, hippocampal commissure, and entorhinal cortex. Overall, regional differences in unit activity consisted of a relatively greater effect in the septum, CA1, and the entorhinal cortex. Conspicuously smaller effects were evident in the CA3 and dentate zones of the hippocampus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol ; Multiple-unit activity ; Target sites ; Brain areas ; Rabbits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Multiple-unit activity (MUA), recorded simultaneously from many brain areas, was used to detect the existence and location of ‘target sites’ for ethanol action in rabbits with chronically implanted electrodes in 14 areas. Each of 12 rabbits received intraperitoneal injection of 300, 600, 900, and 1200 mg/kg of 20% ETOH and a saline control injection given in random order with at least a 4-day interval between injections. Large amounts of MUA data, recorded continuously for a 2-min pre-injection control period and a 15-min post-injection period, were quantified by a sensitive and unique technique. MUA changes did not correlate with alcohol-induced changes in the corresponding EEG for the same locus. Whereas visual inspection of the EEG did not disclose any regional differences in response to ethanol, both temporal and topographical differences in ethanol effect on MUA were observed. There were 14 histologically verified brain areas with adequate sample size for statistical evaluation of MUA response. At high doses, all brain areas were affected. Included among the brain areas which were least affected by low doses were the caudate nucleus, septum, fornix, and medial forebrain bundle. Those areas that met the criteria for target sites of responding quickly (〈5 min) to low doses (300 mg/kg) were: cerebellar cortex, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, lateral and medial geniculate nuclei, midbrain reticular formation, and pyriform cortex. In conjunction with the preliminary study [Brain Res. 70, 361 (1974)], the data indicate that the most ethanolsensitive tissue is found in the various kinds of cortex, cerebellar and cerebral (both paleocortex and neocortex).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 51 (1938), S. 577-581 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 62 (1950), S. 133-142 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird vorgeschlagen, die Elemente in „Echte Metalle“, „Metametalle“, „Halbmetalle“ und „Nichtmetalle“ zu unterteilen. Die Volumenverminderung beim Schmelzen der an der Grenze zwischen Halb- und Metametallen stehenden Elemente läßt sich aus den allgemeinen Aufbauprinzipien leicht verstehen. - Bei einigen Untersuchungsreihen bleibt ein Element (Mg oder Ni) unverändert, während der zweite Partner vom Nichtmetall zum Metall hin variiert wird; die Gesetzmäßigkeiten werden besprochen. - Während die Nichtmetalle eine starke Tendenz zur Mischbarkeit und Verbindungsbildung haben, ist sie bei den Halb- und Metametallen sehr gering, um bei den Metallen wieder anzuwachsen. - Einige Systeme mit Metametallen, bei denen in Zweistoffsystemen neue Phasen auftreten, die sich von den Metallen selbst nur durch eine Variation der Achsenverhältnisse unterscheiden, werden besprochen. Trotz der geringen Verschiedenheit liegen selbständige Phasen vor, die durch heterogene Gebiete geschieden sind.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 67 (1955), S. 709-713 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 66 (1954), S. 461-467 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird über Darstellung und Eigenschaften, magnetochemisches Verhalten und strukturelle Zuordnung zahlreicher neuer Oxometallate (IV) und (V) der Übergangselemente Ti bis Co berichtet; sie enthalten als basische Komponente vorzugsweise Barium- bzw. Strontium, im Falle des 5-wertigen Mangans und Chroms Alkalimetalle. Dabei werden auch bemerkenswert stabile Verbindungen der ungewöhnlichen Wertigkeitsstufen Cr(IV), Cr(V), Fe(IV) und Co(IV) beschrieben. Von den bekannten Erdalkali-Molybdaten(VI) ausgehend, können entsprechende Molybdate mit 4- und 5-wertigem Mo dargestellt werden. Es wird gezeigt, daß die stark basischen Erdalkalioxyde mit Metall(II)-oxyden verschiedener Übergangselemente unter Bildung gut definierter Erdalkalioxometallate (II) in Reaktion treten. Ausführliche Angaben bringen die in einiger Zeit in der „Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie“ erscheinenden Einzelarbeiten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 72 (1960), S. 985-994 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: In the periodic system a border line can be traced between metallic and nonmetallic sructures. The elements on the right of this border all melt with volume decrease; the conductivity of the melt is better than the conductivity in the solid state. Investigations with elements of the melt is better than the conductivity in the solid state. Investigations with elements of the fifth group for red phosphorus show an unusually strong volume increase while melting; the electric resistance shows sudden steep rise. At about 220 °C arsenic undergoes a transformation of the second order, which is expressed by the lattice dimensions, the enthalpy, the electric conductivity and the magnetic susceptibility. At higher temperatures the c-axis strongly increases, the a-axis decreases. While milting, the volume increases by about 10 %, the electric resistance increases to about the double value. Antimony in the solid state shows no irregularity; while melting, the volume increases by about 1 %. The c-axis of selenium and tellurium decreases with increasing temperature, while the a-axis increases. Closely above its melting point molten Te shows a minimum volume.
    Notes: Im Periodensystem läßt sich eine Grenzlinie zwischen metallischen und nichtmetallischen Strukturen ziehen. Die rechts dieser Grenze stehenden Elemente schmelzen durchweg unter Volumenabnahme, die Leitfähigkeit der Schmelzen ist besser als die im festen Zustand. Untersuchungen an Elementen der V. Gruppe ergeben für roten Phosphor eine ungewöhnlich starke Volumenzunahme beim Schmelzen; der elektrische Widerstand nimmt sprunghaft zu. Arsen erleidet bei ∼ 220°C eine Umwandlung 2. Art, die sich in den Gitterdimensionen, der Enthalpie, der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit und der magnetischen Susceptibilität ausdrückt. Bei höheren Temperaturen nimmt die c-Achse stark zu, die a-Achse verkürzt sich. Beim Schmelzen nimmt das Volumen um 10% zu, der elektrische Widerstand steigt auf etwa den doppelten Wert. Antimon zeigt im festen Zustand keine Unregelmäßigkeit; das Volumen wird beim Schmelzen um 1% größer. Bei Selen und Tellur nimmt bei steigender Temperatur die c-Achse ab, die a-Achse zu. Geschmolzenes Te zeigt dicht über dem Schmelzpunkt ein Minimum des Volumens.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 84-84 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 53 (1940), S. 25-27 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 55 (1942), S. 66-66 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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