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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Upregulated tumor necrosis factor-α gene expression in the hypoplastic lung in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (1998)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 14 (1998), S. 21-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Congenital diaphragmatic hernia  ; Pulmonary surfactant  ;  Tumor necrosis factor-α  ; Messenger RNA  ;  In-situ hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recent studies using animal models of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) have reported a reduction in both surfactant (SF) phospholipids and proteins in CDH lungs compared to controls, resulting in biophysical and physiologic impairment of SF function in the hypoplastic CDH lung. Furthermore, SF replacement has been shown to improve physiological function in CDH lungs. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a polypeptide whose overproduction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of pathological conditions, such as neonatal and adult respiratory distress syndrome. TNF-α has been shown to selectively inhibit the de-novo synthesis of SF phospholipid components in type II pneumocytes. It has been demonstrated that TNF-α is synthesized locally in lung and functions in an autocrine/paracrine mode. The aim of this study was to investigate TNF-α messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in hypoplastic CDH lung using in-situ hybridization histochemistry, to determine the molecular basis of the SF deficiency in the hypoplastic CDH lung. Lung-tissue samples were obtained at autopsy from 7 full-term newborns (age range: 1–21 days) with CDH and 4 stillborns with CDH. Normal lung tissue from eight infants with sudden infant death syndrome (age range: 5–30 days) acted as controls. In-situ hybridization was performed using TNF-α specific and digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probe and visualized by nitroblue tetrazolium staining. In control lung tissue, mRNA expression of TNF-α was absent or weak in type II pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages. In contrast, mRNA expression of TNF-α was markedly increased in both type II pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages in hypoplastic CDH lung. Our findings of up-regulated TNF-α gene expression in CDH lung suggest that the SF deficiency observed in hypoplastic CDH lung may be the result of increased local production of TNF-α.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003830050427
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the pulmonary vasculature in newborns and stillborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (1998)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 14 (1998), S. 30-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Congenital diaphragmatic hernia  ; Persistent pulmonary hypertension  ;  Pulmonary artery  ; Pulmonary vein  ;  Stillborn  ;  Newborn
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare structural changes in the pulmonary vasculature in newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) complicated by persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPH) and stillborns with CDH. Victorian blue van Gieson (VVG) staining and immunostaining with anti-alpha smooth-muscle actin (ASMA) was performed on lung tissue obtained at autopsy from 23 newborns with CDH complicated by PPH, 7 stillborns with CDH, and 11 age-matched controls with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The degrees of adventitial and medial thickness and area were measured in pulmonary arteries with an external diameter (ED) of 〈75 μm, 75–100 μm, 100–150 μm, 150–250 μm, 250–500 μm, and 〉500 μm by image analyzer and compared statistically. The degrees of adventitial and medial thickness and area were measured in pulmonary veins with an ED of 〈100 μm, 100–200 μm, and 〉200 μm by image analyzer and compared statistically. In order to determine whether the characteristic structural changes were size-related, each was related to ED. There was a significant increase in adventitial thickness and area in arteries of all sizes in both newborns and stillborns with CDH compared to SIDS patients (P 〈 0.05). The degree of medial thickness in newborns and stillborns with CDH was significantly increased compared to SIDS patients (P 〈 0.01). The degree of medial area was significantly increased for arteries with ED less than 100 μm (P 〈 0.05) in newborns and stillborns with CDH compared with SIDS patients. There was a significant increase in adventitial thickness and area in veins of all sizes in newborns with CDH compared to stillborns with CDH and SIDS (P 〈 0.05). The degree of adventitial thickness and area of pulmonary veins were similar in stillborns with CDH and SIDS. There were no significant differences in medial thickness of veins between the three groups. The presence of abnormally thick-walled pulmonary arteries in stillborns with CDH suggests that the intrapulmonary arteries in CDH may become excessively muscularized during fetal life, becoming unable to adapt normally at birth. The absence of structural changes in pulmonary veins in stillborns with CDH suggests that the pulmonary venous changes observed in newborns with CDH complicated by PPH occur after birth as a result of increases in transvascular pressure or a response to release of peptide growth factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003830050429
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antenatal dexamethasone improves atrial natriuretic peptide receptors in hypoplastic lung in nitrofen-induced diaphragmatic hernia in rats (2000)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 16 (2000), S. 252-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Congenital diaphragmatic hernia ; Hypoplastic lung ; Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) plays a major role in electrolyte and volume homeostasis through potent biological effects including vasorelaxation, bronchorelaxation, lung permeability, and clearance. There are two distinct biochemical and functional classes of ANP receptors, guanylate cyclase receptor (GC-R) and clearance receptors (clearance-R). Two subtypes of GC-R have been described, GCA-R and GCB-R. Antenatal glucocorticoid therapy (AGT) has been demonstrated to improve pulmonary immaturity and abnormal structure of pulmonary arteries in animal models of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of antenatal glucocorticoid administration on the ANP system in nitrofen-induced CDH hypoplastic lung in rats. A CDH model was induced in pregnant rats following administration of nitrofen on day 9.5 of gestation. Dexamethasone (Dex) was given intraperitoneally on days 18.5 and 19.5; cesarean section was performed on day 21. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate the relative amounts of GCA-R, GCB-R and clearance-R mRNA expression. The mRNA expression of GCA-R, GCB-R, and clearance-R was significantly increased in CDH compared to control lung. ANP receptor mRNA expression was significantly decreased in CDH lung with compared to without Dex treatment. Our finding of increased ANP receptor mRNA expression in CDH lung suggests that the hypoplastic lung has high sensitivity for ANP. Decreased mRNA expression of ANP receptors in CDH lung after Dex treatment suggests that AGT may improve pulmonary physiological function of ANP in hypoplastic CDH lung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003830050739
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of hyperoxia on surfactant protein gene expression in hypoplastic lung in nitrofen-induced diaphragmatic hernia in rats (2000)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 16 (2000), S. 473-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) ; Surfactant-associated protein ; Hypoplastic lung ; Ventilation ; Oxygen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The hypoplastic lung in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) has both a quantitative and qualitative reduction in surfactant. Recently, the role of oxygen (O2) as a regulator of pulmonary surfactant-associated protein (SP) gene expression has been reported. The mRNA level of SP has been demonstrated to be increased in the lungs of animals exposed to hyperoxia. The aim of this study was to investigate SP mRNA expression in hypoplastic CDH lung in rats during mechanical ventilation in order to determine the effect of O2 on SP synthesis in CDH. A CDH model was induced in pregnant rats following administration of nitrofen. The newborn rats with CDH and controls were intubated and ventilated. Ventilation was continued for 6 h under 100% oxygen. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to evaluate the relative amounts of mRNA expression of SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D. Relative amounts of SP-A, SP-B, and SP-D mRNA expression in CDH lung were significantly decreased compared to controls at birth and 6 h after ventilation. There was no significant difference in SP-C mRNA expression between CDH animals and controls. Upregulated mRNA expression of SP-A, SP-B, and SP-D in lungs of control animals at 6 h after ventilation suggests that oxygenation accelerates postnatal SP synthesis in normal lungs. The inability of O2 to increase SP mRNA expression in hypoplastic CDH lung suggests that the hypoplastic lung is not responsive to increased oxygenation for the synthesis of SP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003830000427
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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