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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cholinergic neurons in the lamina ganglionaris of the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 153-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Acetylcholine ; Acetylcholinesterase ; Cholin-acetyltransferase ; Immunocytochemistry ; Visual system ; Calliphora erythrocephala (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of putative cholinergic neurons in the lamina of the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala was studied by immunocytochemical and histochemical methods. Three different antibodies directed against the AChsynthesizing enzyme, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), revealed a cholinergic population of fibres running parallel to the laminar cartridges, which have branch-like structures at the distal lamina border. Cell bodies in the chiasma next to the lamina border were also labelled by the anti-ChAT antibodies. Monopolar cell bodies in the nuclear layer were faintly labelled. The distribution of the acetylcholine hydrolyzing enzyme, acetylcholine esterase (AChE), was revealed by histochemical staining and was similar to the ChAT immunocytochemistry. The arrangement of ChAT positive fibres in transverse and longitudinal sections and the distribution of AChE stained fibres indicate that the amacrine cells of the lamina are cholinergic cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224729
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Octopamine-immunoreactive neurons in the central nervous system of the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 268 (1992), S. 287-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nervous system, central ; Ganglia, invertebrate ; Octopamine ; Immunocytochemistry ; DUM neurone ; Neurosecretion ; Gryllus bimaculatus (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of octopamine-immunoreactive neurons is described using whole-mount preparations of all central ganglia of the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus. Up to 160 octopamine-immunoreactive somata were mapped per animal. Medial unpaired octopamine-immunoreactive neurons occur in all but the cerebral ganglia and show segment-specific differences in number. The position and form of these cells are in accordance with well-known, segmentally-organized clusters of large dorsal and ventral unpaired medial neurons demonstrated by other techniques. In addition, bilaterally arranged groups of immunoreactive somata have been labelled in the cerebral, suboesophageal and terminal ganglia. A detailed histological description of octopamine-immunoreactive elements in the prothoracic ganglion is given. Octopamine-immunoreactive somata and axons correspond to the different dorsal unpaired medial cell types identified by intracellular single-cell staining. In the prothoracic ganglion, all efferent neurons whose primary neurites are found in the fibre bundle of dorsal unpaired cells are immunoreactive. Intersegmental octopamine-immunoreactive neurons are also present. Collaterals originating from dorsal intersegmental fibres terminate in different neuropils and fibre tracts. Fine varicose fibres have been located in several fibre tracts, motor and sensory neuropils. Peripheral varicose octopamine-immunoreactive fibres found on several nerves are discussed in terms of possible neurohemal releasing sites for octopamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318798
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Putative neurohemal areas in the peripheral nervous system of an insect, Gryllus bimaculatus, revealed by immunocytochemistry (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 43-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurohemal areas ; Neuropeptides ; Monoamines ; Immunocytochemistry ; Nervous system, insect ; Gryllus bimaculatus (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The morphology and position of putative neurohemal areas in the peripheral nervous system (ventral nerve cord and retrocerebral complex) of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus are described. By using antisera to the amines dopamine, histamine, octopamine, and serotonin, and the neuropeptides crustacean cardioactive peptide, FMRFamide, leucokinin 1, and proctolin, an extensive system of varicose fibers has been detected throughout the nerves of all neuromeres, except for nerve 2 of the prothoracic ganglion. Immunoreactive varicose fibers occur mainly in a superficial position at the neurilemma, indicating neurosecretory storage and release of neuroactive compounds. The varicose fibers are projections from central or peripheral neurons that may extend over more than one segment. The peripheral fiber varicosities show segment-specific arrangements for each of the substances investigated. Immunoreactivity to histamine and octopamine is mainly found in the nerves of abdominal segments, whereas serotonin immunoreactivity is concentrated in subesophageal and terminal ganglion nerves. Immunoreactivity to FMRFamide and crustacean cardioactive peptide is widespread throughout all segments. Structures immunoreactive to leucokinin 1 are present in abdominal nerves, and proctolin immunostaining is found in the terminal ganglion and thoracic nerves. Codistribution of peripheral varicose fiber plexuses is regularly seen for amines and peptides, whereas the colocalization of substances in neurons has not been detected for any of the neuroactive compounds investigated. The varicose fiber system is regarded as complementary to the classical neurohemal organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307957
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the central nervous system of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L. (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 625-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Central nervous system ; Annelids ; Lumbricus terrestris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution patterns of serotonin-immunoreactive somata in the cerebral and subpharyngeal ganglion, and in the head and tail ganglia of the nerve cord of Lumbricus terrestris are described from whole-mount preparations. A small number of serotonin-immunoreactive neurons occurs in the cerebral ganglion, in contrast to the large population of serotonin-immunoreactive neurons that exists in all parts of the ventral nerve cord. From the arrangement of serotonin-immunoreactive somata in the subpharyngeal ganglion, we suggest that this ganglion arises from the fusion of two primordial ganglia. In head and tail ganglia, the distribution of serotonin-immunoreactive somata resembles that in midbody segments. Segmental variations in the pattern and number of serotonin-immunoreactive somata in the different body regions are discussed on the background of known developmental mechanisms that result in metameric neuronal populations in annelids and arthropods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217334
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of neurones immunoreactive for β-tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine and serotonin in the ventral nerve cord of the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 583-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Dopamine ; Serotonin ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Immunocytochemistry ; Nervous system, insect-Gryllus bimaculatus (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The cellular localization of the biogenic amines dopamine and serotonin was investigated in the ventral nerve cord of the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus, using antisera raised against dopamine, β-tyrosine hydroxylase and serotonin. Dopamine-(n〈-70) and serotonin-immunoreactive (n〈-120) neurones showed a segmental arrangement in the ventral nerve cord. Some neuromeres, however, did not contain dopamine-immunoreactive cell bodies. The small number of stained cells allowed complete identification of brain and thoracic cells, including intersegmentally projecting axons and terminal arborizations. Dopamine-like immunostaining was found primarily in plurisegmental interneurones with axons descending to the soma-ipsilateral hemispheres of the thoracic and abdominal ganglia. In contrast, serotonin-immunostaining occurred predominantly in interneurones projecting via soma-contralaterally ascending axons to the thorax and brain. In addition, serotonin-immunoreactivity was also present in efferent cells and afferent elements. Serotonin-immunoreactive, but no dopamine-immunoreactive, varicose fibres were observed on the surface of some peripheral nerves. Varicose endings of both dopamine-and serotonin-immunoreactive neurones occurred in each neuromere and showed overlapping neuropilar projections in dorsal and medial regions of the thoracic ganglia. Ventral associative neuropiles lacked dopamine-like immunostaining but were innervated by serotonin-immunoreactive elements. A colocalization of the two amines was not observed. The topographic representation of neurone types immunoreactive for serotonin and dopamine is discussed with respect to possible modulatory functions of these biogenic amines in the central nervous system of the cricket.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318362
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of histamine-immunoreactive neurons in the ventral nerve cord of the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 286 (1996), S. 393-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Histamine ; Amines ; biogenic ; Immunocytochemistry ; Nervous systems ; insect ; Gryllus bimaculatus (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The present study demonstrates the immunocytochemical localisation of the biogenic amine, histamine (HA), in interneurons within the ventral nerve cord of the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus. Analysis of whole-mount preparations combined with histology of serial sections reveals a constant number of HA-immunoreactive (HA-ir) neurons in the suboesophageal (n=8), thoracic (n=4) and abdominal ganglia (females/males n=24/20). Except for the suboesophageal and prothoracic ganglion, each thoracic and abdominal neuromere contains one pair of bilateral-symmetric HA-ir somata in a medio-ventral position. Axons from HA-ir cells in the thorax extend anteriorly and share common projection areas in thoracic associative neuropils; they terminate in the brain. HA-ir cells also display efferent descending axons. Extending posteriorly, these axons give rise to varicose HA-ir fibre plexuses on the surface of nerve 1 of the abdominal ganglia. In the suboesophageal ganglion, processes from a bilateral symmetric group of clustered HA-ir cells ascend into the tritocerebrum of the brain and further project into the frontal ganglion and the recurrent nerve. Ultrastructural analysis reveals dense-core vesicles, indicative of non-synaptic secretion, in HA-ir elements within the stomatogastric nervous system. Arborisations of HA-ir neurons are present in all major neuropil regions of the ventral nerve cord and display characteristic varicose structures also detected in other types of amine-containing cells. Central HA-ir varicose projections in dorsal and ventral neuropils are located in close apposition to the ganglionic surface. The wide-spread innervation of all neuromeres by HA-ir interneurons and the identification of possible neurohemal release sites suggest a general role of HA as a neuroactive substance, including neuromodulatory and neurohormonal functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050709
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the central nervous system of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L. (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 601-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ventral nerve cord ; Annelids ; Lumbricus terrestris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of serotonin-immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers in the ventral nerve cord of the earthworm has been investigated from whole-mount preparations and serial sections. Serotonin-immunoreactive neurons are organized in seven soma groups per ganglion; these are defined by cell number, soma shape, diameter and fiber projections. Positional variations of this pattern have been studied quantitatively. The number of labeled perikarya is constant in midbody ganglia, but increases markedly rostral to the posterior margin of the clitellum. Variability of position and cell number differs between the cell groups. Stained nerve fibers could only be partially traced; their distribution is described in relation to defined neuronal fiber bundles and segmental nerves. The distribution and morphology of serotonin-immunoreactive cells are compared with previous observations, based on pattern analysis of primary catecholamines and indolamines with the use of a formaldehyde-induced fluorescence technique. The possible role of serotonin-immunoreactive nervous elements in different nerve cord compartments is discussed with respect to physiological effects of serotonin in earthworms and other invertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217332
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of neurones immunoreactive for β-tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine and serotonin in the ventral nerve cord of the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 583-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Dopamine ; Serotonin ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Immunocytochemistry ; Nervous system ; insect ; Gryllus bimaculatus (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The cellular localization of the biogenic amines dopamine and serotonin was investigated in the ventral nerve cord of the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus, using antisera raised against dopamine, β-tyrosine hydroxylase and serotonin. Dopamine- (n≤70) and serotonin-immunoreactive (n≤120) neurones showed a segmental arrangement in the ventral nerve cord. Some neuromeres, however, did not contain dopamine-immunoreactive cell bodies. The small number of stained cells allowed complete identification of brain and thoracic cells, including intersegmentally projecting axons and terminal arborizations. Dopamine-like immunostaining was found primarily in plurisegmental interneurones with axons descending to the soma-ipsilateral hemispheres of the thoracic and abdominal ganglia. In contrast, serotonin-immunostaining occurred predominantly in interneurones projecting via soma-contralaterally ascending axons to the thorax and brain. In addition, serotonin-immunoreactivity was also present in efferent cells and afferent elements. Serotonin-immunoreactive, but no dopamine-immunoreactive, varicose fibres were observed on the surface of some peripheral nerves. Varicose endings of both dopamine- and serotonin-immunoreactive neurones occurred in each neuromere and showed overlapping neuropilar projections in dorsal and medial regions of the thoracic ganglia. Ventral associative neuropiles lacked dopamine-like immunostaining but were innervated by serotonin-immunoreactive elements. A colocalization of the two amines was not observed. The topographic representation of neurone types immunoreactive for serotonin and dopamine is discussed with respect to possible modulatory functions of these biogenic amines in the central nervous system of the cricket.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318362
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Putative neurohemal areas in the peripheral nervous system of an insect, Gryllus bimaculatus, revealed by immunocytochemistry (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 43-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Neurohemal areas ; Neuropeptides ; Monoamines ; Immunocytochemistry ; Nervous system ; insect ; Gryllus bimaculatus (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The morphology and position of putative neurohemal areas in the peripheral nervous system (ventral nerve cord and retrocerebral complex) of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus are described. By using antisera to the amines dopamine, histamine, octopamine, and serotonin, and the neuropeptides crustacean cardioactive peptide, FMRFamide, leucokinin 1, and proctolin, an extensive system of varicose fibers has been detected throughout the nerves of all neuromeres, except for nerve 2 of the prothoracic ganglion. Immunoreactive varicose fibers occur mainly in a superficial position at the neurilemma, indicating neurosecretory storage and release of neuroactive compounds. The varicose fibers are projections from central or peripheral neurons that may extend over more than one segment. The peripheral fiber varicosities show segment-specific arrangements for each of the substances investigated. Immunoreactivity to histamine and octopamine is mainly found in the nerves of abdominal segments, whereas serotonin im-munoreactivity is concentrated in subesophageal and terminal ganglion nerves. Immunoreactivity to FMRFamide and crustacean cardioactive peptide is widespread throughout all segments. Structures immunoreactive to leucokinin 1 are present in abdominal nerves, and proctolin immunostaining is found in the terminal ganglion and thoracic nerves. Codistribution of peripheral varicose fiber plexuses is regularly seen for amines and peptides, whereas the colocalization of substances in neurons has not been detected for any of the neuroactive compounds investigated. The varicose fiber system is regarded as complementary to the classical neurohemal organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307957
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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