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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 237 (1982), S. 1-5 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Lysozyme ; Nasal mucosa ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary By use of the indirect immunoperoxidase method, lysozyme was localized in the serous glands and serous parts of mixed mucous-serous glands of the nasal respiratory area. Histochemically, lysozyme was absent from acini containing acid mucosubstances. These findings are in agreement with localizations of lysozyme in glands at other sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Neurotransmitter ; Mutants ; Immunohistochemistry ; Behavior ; Insecta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The role of histamine as a fast neuro-transmitter of imaginai insect photoreceptors is firmly established. In adult Drosophila, histamine is also found in mechanosensory receptors of cuticular hair sensilla and in a small number of nonreceptor neurons in head and body ganglia. Here we investigate the function of histamine by immunohistochemical and behavioral analysis of mutants deficient in the hdc gene that codes for histidine decarboxylase. The allele hdc JK910 appears to be a null mutation, as histamine immunoreactivity is almost entirely eliminated. Homozygous flies are blind in various behavioral paradigms. Mutant larvae, on the other hand, show normal photokinetic responses. Thus, adult Drosophila photoreceptors most likely utilize only a single substance, histamine, as a neurotransmitter, whereas larval photoreceptors apparently employ a different transmitter. With the alleles hdc p211 , hdc p217 , and hdc p218 , variable amounts of histamine are found in photoreceptors and mechanoreceptors, but no histamine could be detected in any of the nonreceptor neurons. These mutants show various degrees of visual and mechanosensory impairment, as determined by quantitative behavioral assays. We conclude that histamine is required for normal function of cuticular hair sensilla and for efficient grooming of the body surface. Thus, in Drosophila, histamine represents a major functional neurotransmitter for mechanosensory receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Bullous skin disorders ; Immunohistochemistry ; Antigen presenting cells ; Langerhans cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Skin biopsies from 34 patients, presenting with a variety of bullous skin disorders were investigated, using routine light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. In bullous skin diseases characterized by deposition of complement factors (CF) and/or immunoglobulins (Ig), a monolayer of OKIa 1 + , OKT 6 - , OKM 1 - dendritic cells was found at the dermo-epidermal junction. Retrospectively, these cells were easily recognized on paraffin embedded, H & E stained material. In bullous skin disorders, showing no deposition of CF and/or Ig, this monolayer of dendritic cells was lacking. It is suggested that these OKIa 1 + , OKT 6 - , OKM 1 - dendritic cells at the dermo-epidermal junction represent some type of antigen presenting cells, not corresponding to Langerhans cells, veiled cells or indeterminate cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Arteriosclerosis ; Lipoprotein(a) ; Apoprotein (a) ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lipoprotein(a), as an atherogenic particle, represents an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. In the present study the morphological distribution of apoprotein (a) and apoprotein B within the arterial wall is described. Apoprotein B, a constituent of very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and lipoprotein(a) has previously been demonstrated in atheromatous lesions. Lipoprotein(a) possesses an additional protein, designated apoprotein (a). Autopsy material (n=74) from the left coronary artery and from the thoracic aorta has been examined by means of immunohistochemistry and both apoprotein (a) and apoprotein B were detected, primarily associated with the extracellular matrix and accumulating in lesions in the arterial wall. The staining pattern for both antigens was almost always found to be congruent, suggesting that the detection of (a)-antigen has to be attributed at least in part to the presence of lipoprotein(a). It is concluded that both low-density lipoprotein and lipoprotein(a) have an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 173 (1985), S. 225-235 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Testicular artery ; Pampiniform plexus ; ‘Rete mirabile’ ; Light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphology and innervation of the testicular artery and pampiniform plexus of the guinea-pig was investigated using light immunohistochemistry as well as transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The tortuous, spiraled testicular artery embedded within the epididymal fat pad is totally encompassed by a thin-walled sinus-like labyrinthine structure comprising the pampiniform plexus. Characteristic features of this lacunar system are: 1. Endothelial bridges, strands or trabeculae of various length, width and thickness which project into the lumen, occasionally branch, and attach to the opposite or adjacent area of the venous wall. 2. A frequent discontinuous smooth muscular layer. Nerve fibers were localized by use of antibodies against dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH-IR), neuropeptide Y (NPY-IR), and substance P (SP-IR). A great abundance of NPY-IR and DBH-IR axon bundles are seen surrounding the testicular artery. Fibers emanating from this dense plexus travel into the interstitium to finally innervate the walls of the sinus-like system, including the cross-luminal trabeculae. In contrast, larger varicosities are distinctive for SP-IR fibers which are also located at the media-adventitia border of the arterial and venous walls but to a far lesser extent than that seen with DBH-IR or NPY-IR. The axon varicosities supplying the arterial and venous walls contain a heterogeneous population of various types of vesicles, mostly including small agranular and granular ones as well as large granular vesicles of various size and density. The most conspicuous feature concerning the innervation pattern of the venous wall is the occurrence of numerous neuroendothelial contact zones. The findings of the investigated ‘rete mirabile’ are discussed with respect to rheology and temperature control for the maintenance of normal spermatogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 91 (1996), S. 376-384 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Epilepsy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neurotransmitter ; Pathology ; Tumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Circumscribed cortical lesions are frequently encountered in patients with chronic focal epilepsies. However, the pathogenesis of seizures is poorly understood. To determine whether the perilesional cortex shows evidence for abnormal excitatory or inhibitory neurochemical activity, we immunohistochemically examined the distribution of the α1 subunit of the GABAA receptor (GABAR), the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit 1 (NR1), and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in 30 surgical specimens of neocortical epilepsy-associated lesions. These comprised 7 low-grade gliomas, 2 gangliogliomas, 2 dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors, 4 glioneuronal malformations, 5 vascular malformations, and 10 glial or gliomesodermal scars. All specimens originated from patients with chronic pharmacoresistant epilepsy. In 73% of the cases there was a distinct difference in immunoreactivity for GABAR, GAD or NR1 between the perilesional zone and the normal cortex. With each of the markers there was reduced perilesional immunoreactivity in 30% of the specimens. Increased staining for GAD was seen in 17%, for GABAR in 7%, and for NR1 in 13% of the cases. The age at surgery, onset of seizures, epilepsy duration, and maximal seizure frequency did not differ significantly between patients with normal and those with altered perilesional immunoreactivity patterns. Although the perilesional changes for GAD, GABAR or NR1 were heterogeneous, they suggest a disturbed balance between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission which may contribute to the pathogenesis of focal seizures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 192 (1995), S. 117-121 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Horse atrium ; Cardiodilatin/atrial natriuretic peptide ; Brain natriuretic peptide ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of immunoreactivity (IR) for cardiodilatin/atrial natriuretic peptide (CDD/ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was examined immunohistochemically and immuno-electron-microscopically in the equine atrium, using specific antibodies. In the immunohistochemical studies, IR-CDD/ANP and IR-pBNP-26 (porcine BNP-26 immunoreactivity) was detected in the cytoplasm of the auricular cardiocytes, but IR-hBNP-32 (human BNP-32 immunoreactivity) was not. The double immunogold labelling method for IR-hBNP-28 and IR-pBNP-26 revealed that gold particles of different sizes were located in the same secretory granules in the cardiocyte, but no gold particles for IR-hBNP-32 were detected. These results show that CDD/ANP and porcine BNP-like peptides are colocalized in the same secretory granules of the equine atrium. They suggest that the equine atrium secretes both CDD/ANP and BNP-like peptides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 276 (1984), S. 283-287 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Langerhans cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pigment-cell lesions ; Skin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We used immunohistochemistry to study Langerhans cells (LCs) and the composition of the dermal inflammatory infiltrate both in normal skin and in biopsies from various benign and malignant pigment-cell lesions. In normal skin and most benign pigment-cell lesions, epidermal LCs are regularly distributed. OKT6-Positive cells outnumber the OKIa-positive cells. The inconspicuous dermal infiltrate studied in these biopsies was composed of helper and suppressor/cytotoxic T cells and some dermal LCs. More epidermal LCs with an abnormal cytologic presentation were found in a halo naevus and in the radial growth part of primary malignant melanomas. This finding was associated with a dermal infiltrate composed of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells, suggesting a defense mechanism of the host towards abnormal melanocytes. Epidermal LCs were rare in the central part of the biopsies which showed a primary malignant melanoma in its vertical growth. A dermal inflammatory infiltrate was absent in that area. These findings are interpreted as the morphologic expression of a damaged immune system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 288 (1996), S. 500-506 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Herpes simplex virus ; Monocyte ; Immunohistochemistry ; Skin ; Mucosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report on the predominance of a special type of small histiocyte in the inflammatory infiltrate accompanying herpetic bullae. These histiocytes, which have previously been taken to be neutrophils, are freshly arrived cells with a hitherto unknown function. Until now, they have been found only in Sweet’s syndrome and erythema nodosum where they form Miesscher’s radial granulomas. Similar small histiocytes were found in half of those herpetic lesions with intact bullae, and in over two-thirds of ulcerated lesions in which these cells formed a palisade in the fibrinoid material covering the floor of the ulcerated vesicles. Small histiocytes, admixed with neutrophils, were in close proximity to virally infected keratinocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed their histiocytic nature. With the exception of ecthyma contagiosum (orf), similar small histiocytes were not found in other viral infections or in nonspecific ulcers of the skin. In cases of herpetic folliculitis, small histiocytes showed massive epidermotropism towards hair follicle epithelium. We conclude that cutaneous and oral herpetic infections represent yet another disease in which small, freshly arrived histiocytes occur. They may be involved in antigen presentation, or in killing of infected keratinocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 16 (1995), S. 245-255 
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter WHO-Klassifikation der Gehirntumoren ; Gradierung ; Immunhistochemie ; Proliferationsbestimmung ; Molekulargenetik ; Key words WHO classification of brain tumors ; Grading ; Immunohistochemistry ; Proliferation markers ; Molecular genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In recent years there has been considerable progress in brain tumor neuropathology. Several new diagnostic entities have been recognized, subclassification schemes have been modified, and new concepts on the histogenesis and cell biology of brain tumors have emerged. In 1993, a revised WHO classification of brain tumors was published by an international committee. This article summarizes the pertinent new aspects. As novel tumor entities, the central neurocytoma, the dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT), desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma (DIG) and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) have been included. Several histopathological variants of meningiomas have been added of which only the papillary meningioma and the atypical meningioma are characterized by an increased rate of recurrence. Meningeal hemangiopericytomas and hemangioblastomas are classified as tumors of non-meningothelial origin. The glioblastoma multiforme, which had previously been listed as an embryonal tumor, is now recognized as an astrocytic glioma. Immunohistochemistry has greatly advanced the practical diagnosis and classification of brain tumors. There are specific markers for all normal and neoplastic cell types except for oligodendroglioma cells. The prognosis of and therapeutic approaches to brain tumors greatly depend on histopathological grading. The WHO proposes four tumor grades, i. e., I, II, III, and IV. As a rule, grades I and II tumors are viewed as benign or semi-benign neoplasms and grades III and IV tumors as malignant. There are attempts to use new biological parameters for the grading of brain tumors. Antibodies to proliferation-associated proteins reflect tumor growth. Molecular genetic approaches to tumor-associated genes and gene loci are particularly promising new tools for the future.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein internationales Gremium hat 1993 eine revidierte Fassung der WHO-Klassifikation von Tumoren des Zentralnervensystems vorgelegt. Wesentliche Neuerungen sind die Einführung folgender Entitäten: Zentrales Neurozytom, dysembryoplastischer neuroepithelialer Tumor (DNT), desmoplastisches infantiles Gangliogliom (DIG) und pleomorphes Xanthoastrozytom. Bei den Meningeomen wurden eine Reihe von neuen histopathologischen Varianten aufgenommen. Das Glioblastom wird aufgrund seiner immunhistochemisch nachweisbaren GFAP-Expression nun den astrozytären Gliomen zugeordnet. Immunhistochemische Reaktionen haben wesentliche Fortschritte in der Diagnostik und Klassifikation von zentralnervösen Tumoren gebracht. In der Diagnostik zentralnervöser Tumoren spielt die histopathologische Gradierung eine besondere Rolle, da sie als Grundlage für die weitere Behandlung und prognostische Bewertung dient. Die WHO schlägt eine Gradierungsskala vor, welche die 4 Dignitätsgrade I, II, III und IV vorsieht. Als wesentliche histopathologische Parameter fließen Differenzierungsmerkmale der Tumorzellen, die Zelldichte, zelluläre und nukleäre Polymorphie, mitotische Aktivität, pathologische Endothelproliferate und Tumorgewebsnekrosen in die Bewertung ein. Bei der Gradierung zentralnervöser Tumoren wird in zunehmendem Maße versucht, neben histopathologischen Kriterien neue biologische Parameter einzusetzen.
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