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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fetal growth and impaired glucose tolerance in men and women (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 225-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Impaired glucose tolerance ; non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; fetal growth ; ponderal index at birth ; placental weight to birthweight ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A follow-up study was carried out to determine whether reduced fetal growth is associated with the development of impaired glucose tolerance in men and women aged 50 years. Standard oral glucose tolerance tests were carried out on 140 men and 126 women born in Preston (Lancashire, UK) between 1935 and 1943, whose size at birth had been measured in detail. Those subjects found to have impaired glucose tolerance or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus had lower birthweight, a smaller head circumference and were thinner at birth. They also had a higher ratio of placental weight to birthweight. The prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes fell from 27% in subjects who weighed 2.50 kg (5.5 pounds) or less at birth to 6% in those who weighed more than 3.41 kg (7.5 pounds) (p 〈 0.002 after adjusting for body mass index). Plasma glucose concentrations taken at 2-h in the glucose tolerance test fell progressively as birthweight increased (p 〈 0.004), as did 2-h plasma insulin concentrations (p 〈 0.001). The trends with birthweight were independent of duration of gestation and must therefore be related to reduced rates of fetal growth. These findings confirm the association between impaired glucose tolerance in adult life and low birthweight previously reported in Hertfordshire (UK), and demonstrate it in women as well as men. It is suggested that the association reflects the long-term effects of reduced growth of the endocrine pancreas and other tissues in utero. This may be a consequence of maternal undernutrition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399954
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium and ATP regulate the activity of a non-selective cation channel in a rat insulinoma cell line (1987)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 409 (1987), S. 607-615 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Insulinoma cell line ; Patch clamp ; Cation channel ; Calcium dependence ; ATP sensitive
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A calcium-acivated non-selective cation channel was observed in isolated plasma membrane patches from an insulin-secreting cell line (CRI-Gl). The conductance of the channel was approximately 25 pS with identical (140 mM KCl) solutions on either side of the membrane. However, some rectification was observed (smaller outward current) when sodium ions were present extracellularly. The channel was inactive on exposure to an intracellular calcium concentration of 10−6 M and required high (greater than 10−4 M) concentrations for a significant degree of activation. The open-state probability of the channel was voltage dependent, increasing with membrane depolarization. Analysis of single channel kinetics indicated that there were at least two open and two closed states. Application of ATP to the cytoplasmic membrane surface reduced the open state probability in a dose-dependent manner. The channel activity was blocked by quinine and 4-AP but was insensitive to TEA, TTX and amiloride. It is not clear what role this channel might play in the complex electrical activity of β-cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584661
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of calcium-activated nonselective cation channel activity by cyclic nucleotides in the rat insulinoma cell line, CRI-G1 (1995)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 145 (1995), S. 267-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Rat insulinoma cell line, CRI-G1 ; Cyclic nucleotide regulation ; Calcium-activated nonselective cation channel ; Patch clamp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The regulation of a calcium-activated nonselective cation (Ca-NS+) channel by analogues of cyclic AMP has been investigated in the rat insulinoma cell line, CRI-G1. The activity of the channel is modulated by cyclic AMP in a complex way. In the majority of patches (83%) tested concentrations of cyclic AMP of 10 μm and above cause an inhibition of channel activity which is immediately reversible on washing. In contrast, lower concentrations of cyclic AMP, between 0.1 and 1.0 μm, produce a transient activation of channel activity in most patches (63%) tested. One group of analogues, including N6-monobutyryl cyclic AMP and N6, 2′-O-dibutyryl cyclic AMP reduced the activity of the Ca-NS+ channel at all concentrations tested and 2′-O-Monobutyryl cyclic AMP produced inhibition in all patches tested except one, at all concentrations. A second group produced dual concentration-dependent effects on Ca-NS+, low concentrations stimulating and high concentrations inhibiting channel activity. 6-Chloropurine cyclic AMP and 8-bromo cyclic AMP produced effects similar to those of cyclic AMP itself. In contrast, 8-[4-chlorophenylthio] cyclic AMP also showed a dual action, but with a high level of activation at all concentrations tested up to 1mm. Ca-NS+ channel activity was also predominantly activated by low concentrations of Sp-cAMPS. The activating effects of both Sp-cAMPS and cyclic AMP are antagonized by Rp-cAMPS, which by itself only produced a weak inhibition of Ca-NS+ channel activity even at concentrations of 10 μm and above. The results are discussed in terms of a model in which cyclic AMP, and other cyclic nucleotides, modulate the activity of the Ca-NS+ channel by binding to two separate sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232718
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleotide regulation of a calcium-activated cation channel in the rat insulinoma cell line, CRI-G1 (1994)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 141 (1994), S. 101-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Rat insulinoma cell line ; CRI-G1 ; Nucleotide regulation ; Calcium-activated nonselective cation channel ; Patch clamp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The nucleotide regulation of a calcium-activated nonselective cation (Ca-NS+) channel has been investigated in the rat insulinoma cell line CRI-G1. The activity of the channel is reduced by both AMP and ADP (1–100 μm) in a concentration-dependent manner, with AMP being more potent than ADP. At lower concentrations (0.1–5 μm), both ADP and AMP activate the channel in some patches. Examination of the nucleotide specificity of channel inhibition indicates a high selectivity for AMP over the other nucleotides tested with a rank order of potency of AMP 〉 UMP 〉 CMP ≥GMP. Cyclic nucleotides also modulate channel activity in a complex, concentration-dependent way. Cyclic AMP exhibits a dual effect, predominantly increasing channel activity at low concentrations (0.1–10 μm) and reducing it at higher concentrations (100 μm and 1 mm). Specificity studies indicate that the cyclic nucleotide site mediating inhibition of channel activity exhibits a strong preference for cyclic AMP over cyclic GMP, with cyclic UMP being almost equipotent with cyclic AMP. Cyclic IMP and cyclic CMP are not active at this site. The cyclic nucleotide site mediating activation of the channel shows much less nucleotide specificity than the inhibitory site, with cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP and cyclic IMP being almost equally active.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238244
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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