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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of prosthodontics 9 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1532-849X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Purpose The purpose of this investigation was to compare the fracture toughness of several core materials.Materials and Methods Five core build-up materials were tested: (1) glass ionomer, (2) resin-modified glass ionomer, (3) titanium-reinforced composite, (4) composite resin with fluoride, and (5) amalgam. Fracture toughness determinations were made using 3-point flexure of beams with a central single-edge notch. The notch was standardized by the use of a special mold into which each of the materials was condensed. Ten beams of each material were tested on an Instron test machine (Instron Corp, Canton, MA) at a crosshead speed of 1.25 mm/min. The maximum loads were determined from which the fracture toughness values (KIC) were calculated. The data were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance and t tests.Results The mean fracture toughness value in MN·m−3/2 for each of them is as follows: (1) glass ionomer, 0.717 ± 0.071; (2) resin-modified glass ionomer, 0.747 ± 0.061; (3) titanium-reinforced composite, 1.409 ± 0.051; (4) composite resin with fluoride, 1.660 ± 0.086; and (5) amalgam, 1.521 ± 0.081. There was no significant difference in the KIC values for the glass ionomer-based materials, and both of these were significantly lower than amalgam, titanium-reinforced composite resin, and composite resin with fluoride (p 〈 .001).Conclusions The titanium-reinforced composite resin, the composite resin with fluoride, and amalgam materials showed fracture toughness most likely to withstand the stresses generated during mastication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 34 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The influence of water oxygen concentration on the acid–base balance of sea bass was evaluated. Fish weighing 200–250 g were cultured under different dissolved oxygen concentrations of 64%, 97%, 150% and 250% saturation (92.7, 140.5, 217.5 and 362.7 mmHg respectively) under mild hypoxia, normoxia, mild hyperoxia and high hyperoxia conditions. The results showed that high hyperoxia and mild hypoxia conditions modified some blood parameters significantly when compared with fish held under the normoxia condition, while no differences were shown with respect to the acid–base balance of fish cultured under normoxia and mild hyperoxia conditions. This testifies that the mild hyperoxia condition does not produce physiological disturbances in the acid–base status of sea bass and it could be considered a favourable condition in sea bass land-based farming, mainly in comparison with the mild hypoxia condition, responsible for other physiological problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 65 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Leucocyte lysates from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss showed an iron-binding activity that was retained even if the samples were exposed to an acid pH (4·5). Iron-binding activity of leucocyte supernatants was enhanced by the presence of 1 μg ml−1 phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate in the cell medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 66 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Bovine lactoferrin (LF) was evaluated for its capacity to modulate the in vitro endocytosis (phagocytosis and pinocytosis) and antibody synthesis by head kidney cells of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Phagocytic activity and phagocytic index of head kidney macrophages, determined by measurement of ingested yeast, were influenced by bovine LF starting from the LF concentration of 1 and 0·1 μg ml−1, respectively. Endocytosis, determined by the evaluation of droplet uptake of neutral red dye solution, was significantly enhanced by 10 μg ml−1 of LF. In contrast, antibody synthesis by head kidney cells, evaluated by immunoenzymatic assay, from fish immunized against human-γ-globulins (HGG)in vivo was not affected by bovine LF. Although these results showed that bovine LF had no effect on specific immunoglobulin production in vitro, an enhancement of the acquired immune response may be assumed in LF-treated fish in vivo, as observed in higher vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 60 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The total respiratory surface area (RSA) of sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (initial mass 153 ± 27 g), reared in a brackish water recirculation system at 24° C for 3 months under three different oxygen partial pressures of 60, 90 and 140% saturation (87.0, 130.0 and 203.1 torr. respectively), was 351.98 (± 8.90), 264.86 (± 48.20) and 212.90 (± 57.22) mm2 g−1 body mass. RSA was negatively correlated with oxygen availability in the water. In the same experiment, no significant differences in the total length of filaments or frequency of lamellae were observed, although the total length of filaments was shorter in fish cultured under hyperoxia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 5 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Intermaxillary elastics are commonly used in orthodontic treatment, yet the exact mechanism by which they effect tooth movement has been unclear. A photoelastic model was produced to simulate this type of therapy in examples of Class II and III malocclusions.In the open situation, inter-arch activity precipitated occlusal plane rotation; counter clockwise in Class II malocclusion and clockwise in Class III.Comment is made on the force vectors involved when using intermaxillary elastics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 8 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A three-dimensional photoelastic model was reproduced from a human skull. The insertions of the superficial and deep portions of the masseter muscle and the temporalis fascia were simulated with leather bonded to the appropriate areas. The following loading conditions were employed: (1) bilateral loading of the masseter muscle; and (2) bilateral loading of the masseter muscle together with a bilateral occlusal load. The stress freezing technique was used to lock the resulting stress patterns into the model skull. The stress trajectories were observed and photographed in a circular polariscope.The results suggest that the major stress trajectories to the zygomatic bone and arch follow an alveolo-maxillary-zygomatic-temporal direction. Stresses were highly concentrated in the zygomatic process of the temporal bone. Generally, the stresses were concentrated in those areas of the bone where architectural reinforcement had been demonstrated by other methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 8 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Even though the temporomandibular joint is loaded in function, it often arthroses under heavy use. The effects of stress to the joint are not well understood. This study utilizes three-dimensional photo-elastic stress analysis to visualize the intensity and direction of stresses within the mandibular condyle generated by various occlusal forces.Functional stresses were shown to concentrate in the condylar neck, but were reduced within the condylar head due to its elliptical shape. Stress directions within the condyle were found to be non-preferential, varying with different mandibular positions. This supports the idea that the condyle is designed to receive light varied forces rather than heavy, cyclical unidirectional forces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 13 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The retentive and stress characteristics of a magnetically retained partial overdenture were studied. The retentive properties were compared to those of an I-bar and Zest Anchor retained overdenture.The magnetically retained partial denture uniformly distributed stress to the supporting structures and exhibited significantly greater retention than that of the I-bar, but less than that of the Zest Anchor. Based on these observations, the magnetically retained denture should be considered as an option to be used instead of or in conjunction with other types of partial overdentures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 14 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A maxillary photoelastic model was constructed to determine the retention and force transmission characteristics of a bilateral distal extension base partial denture. Comparisons were made using palatal and labial I-bars. It was shown that there were no significant differences in retention and force transmission between palatal and labial I-bars. From a stress and retention standpoint, it may be concluded that the use of palatal I-bars is a viable alternative to the labial I-bars, especially where aesthetics is of primary concern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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