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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variations in the vitellogenin titre during the reproductive cycle of Rana esculenta L.
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part B: Biochemistry and 72 (1982), S. 501-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-0491
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0305-0491(82)90496-5
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental profiles of fat body during larval/adult transition in stick insects
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cell Biology International Reports 14 (1990), S. 240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0309-1651
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0309-1651(90)91059-D
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunochemical identification of vitellogenin in the serum of the newtTriturus cristatus (1979)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 1384-1386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The hematic yolk precursor — vitellogenin — has been identified immunochemically in the serum of estrogenized females of the newtTriturus cristatus by employing an antiserum prepared against yolk proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01964022
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of variability and diurnal range of daily temperature in a nested regional climate model: comparison with observations and doubled CO2 results (1995)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 11 (1995), S. 193-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of daily variability of temperature in climate model experiments is important as a model diagnostic and for determination of how such variability may change under perturbed climate conditions. The latter could be important from a climate impacts perspective. We analyze daily mean, diurnal range and variability of surface air temperature in two continuous 3 1/2 year long climate simulations over the continental USA, one for present day conditions and one for conditions under doubled carbon dioxide concentration, conducted with a regional climate model (RegCM), on a 60 km grid, nested in a general circulation model (GCM). Model output is compared with a 30-year daily observational data set for various regions of the USA. In comparison with observations the diurnal range in the model control run is somewhat too low although the daily temperature mean is often well reproduced. The daily variability of temperature is underestimated by the model in all areas, but particularly when and where the observed variability is relatively high. Causes for these underestimations are traced to deficiencies in the general circulation of the driving GCM. With doubled CO2, both maximum and minimum temperatures increase, but the change in the diurnal temperature range (DTR) varies spatially and seasonally. On an annual average over the land domain, the DTR decreases by 0.25'C. Changes in DTR are most strongly correlated with changes in absorbed shortwave radiation at the surface, which explains 72% of the variance in DTR on an annual basis. Change in evaporation was a factor affecting DTR only in the summer when it explained 52% of the variance. The most significant findings with CO2 doubling are substantial decreases in daily variability in winter over large portions of the domain, and localized increases in summer. Causes for these changes are traced to fluctuations in the intensity and position of the jet stream.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215007
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of a regional atmospheric model to simulate lake-atmosphere feedbacks associated with Pleistocene Lakes Lahontan and Bonneville (1992)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 7 (1992), S. 39-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A regional model of the atmosphere (version 4 of the NCAR mesoscale model, MM4) was used to assess whether lake-effect precipitation was a significant component of the late-Pleistocene hydrologic budgets of Lakes Lahontan and Bonneville. Control simulations for January and July of 1979 were made using MM4, and the Pleistocene highstand surface areas of the lakes were added to the model and the simulations repeated. In the January simulations, 18% of the moisture added to the modeled atmosphere by Lake Lahontan returned to the Lahontan basin as precipitation, while 32% of the water evaporated from Lake Bonneville fell as precipitation over the Bonneville basin. In the July simulations, 7% of the moisture added to the modeled atmosphere by Lake Lahontan returned to the Lahontan basin as precipitation, and 4% of the water evaporated from Lake Bonneville fell as precipitation over the Bonneville basin. An additonal January simulation was made with the lake surface areas set at onehalf their highstand extents (the average surface area 20 to 15 ka BP). Results from this simulation were similar to the simulation with the highstand lakes, indicating lake-effect precipitation could have been a significant component of the hyrologic budgets of the lakes before and during the highstand period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204820
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An EM autoradiographic study on ovarian follicle cells of Drosophila melanogaster with special reference to the formation of egg coverings (1977)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 52 (1977), S. 105-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ovarian follicle cells of Drosophila melanogaster have been studied by ultrastructural and autoradiographic analyses. During their migration through the germarium, follicle cells undergo several structural changes and, of these, the most conspicuous one occurs at the level of the nucleolus. By the time the first ovarian chamber is formed, follicle cells have formed a layer of uniform thickness all around a cluster or nurse cells and the oocyte. Following the initiation of vitellogenesis, the follicle cells overlying the oocyte become columnar while those over the nurse cells become very thin. During stages 9–10, the columnar follicle cells are involved in the formation of the vitelline membrane, while from stages 11 to 13 these cells produce the endochorion. An EM autoradiographic analysis has shown that the rate of 3H-uridine incroporation in follicle cell nuclei is low in previtellogenic chambers, while it becomes very high in nuclei of stage 9–10 chambers. After short exposure to uridine, silver grains are located predominantly over nucleoli. Evidence from incorporation studies with 3H-lysine indicates that the columnar follicle cells and the region of the various egg coverings are highly labelled within an hour of incubation in the tracer. The observations confirm that columnar follicle cells are the only cells in the chamber involved in the formation of materials which make up the egg coverings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00492287
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intercomparsion of regional biases and doubled CO2-sensitivity of coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model experiments (1997)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 14 (1997), S. 1-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  We compared regional biases and transient doubled CO2 sensitivities of nine coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (GCMs) from six international climate modeling groups. We evaluated biases and responses in winter and summer surface air temperatures and precipitation for seven subcontinental regions, including those in the 1990 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Scientific Assessment. Regional biases were large and exceeded the variance among four climatological datasets, indicating that model biases were not primarily due to uncertainty in observations. Model responses to altered greenhouse forcing were substantial (average temperature change=2.7±0.9 °C, range of precipitation change =−35 to +120% of control). While coupled models include more climate system feedbacks than earlier GCMs implemented with mixed-layer ocean models, inclusion of a dynamic ocean alone did not improve simulation of long-term mean climatology nor increase convergence among model responses to altered greenhouse gas forcing. On the other hand, features of some of the coupled models including flux adjustment (which may have simply masked simulation errors), high horizontal resolution, and estimation of screen height temperature contributed to improved simulation of long-term surface climate. The large range of model responses was partly accounted for by inconsistencies in forcing scenarios and transient-simulation averaging periods. Nonetheless, the models generally had greater agreement in their sensitivities than their controls did with observations. This suggests that consistent, large-scale response features from an ensemble of model sensitivity experiments may not depend on details of their representation of present-day climate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050204
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uncertainties in regional climate change prediction: a regional analysis of ensemble simulations with the HADCM2 coupled AOGCM (2000)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 16 (2000), S. 169-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We analyze ensembles (four realizations) of historical and future climate transient experiments carried out with the coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) of the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, version HADCM2, with four scenarios of greenhouse gas (GHG) and sulfate forcing. The analysis focuses on the regional scale, and in particular on 21 regions covering all land areas in the World (except Antarctica). We examine seasonally averaged surface air temperature and precipitation for the historical period of 1961–1990 and the future climate period of 2046–2075. Compared to previous AOGCM simulations, the HADCM2 model shows a good performance in reproducing observed regional averages of summer and winter temperature and precipitation. The model, however, does not reproduce well observed interannual variability. We find that the uncertainty in regional climate change predictions associated with the spread of different realizations in an ensemble (i.e. the uncertainty related to the internal model variability) is relatively low for all scenarios and regions. In particular, this uncertainty is lower than the uncertainty due to inter-scenario variability and (by comparison with previous regional analyses of AOGCMs) with inter-model variability. The climate biases and sensitivities found for different realizations of the same ensemble were similar to the corresponding ensemble averages and the averages associated with individual realizations of the same ensemble did not differ from each other at the 5% confidence level in the vast majority of cases. These results indicate that a relatively small number of realizations (3 or 4) is sufficient to characterize an AOGCM transient climate change prediction at the regional scale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00013733
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of variability and diurnal range of daily temperature in a nested regional climate model: comparison with observations and doubled CO2 results (1995)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 11 (1995), S. 193-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Analysis of daily variability of temperature in climate model experiments is important as a model diagnostic and for determination of how such variability may change under perturbed climate conditions. The latter could be important from a climate impacts perspective. We analyze daily mean, diurnal range and variability of surface air temperature in two continuous 3 1/2 year long climate simulations over the continental USA, one for present day conditions and one for conditions under doubled carbon dioxide concentration, conducted with a regional climate model (RegCM), on a 60 km grid, nested in a general circulation model (GCM). Model output is compared with a 30-year daily observational data set for various regions of the USA. In comparison with observations the diurnal range in the model control run is somewhat too low although the daily temperature mean is often well reproduced. The daily variability of temperature is underestimated by the model in all areas, but particularly when and where the observed variability is relatively high. Causes for these underestimations are traced to deficiencies in the general circulation of the driving GCM. With doubled CO2, both maximum and minimum temperatures increase, but the change in the diurnal temperature range (DTR) varies spatially and seasonally. On an annual average over the land domain, the DTR decreases by 0.25°  C. Changes in DTR are most strongly correlated with changes in absorbed shortwave radiation at the surface, which explains 72% of the variance in DTR on an annual basis. Change in evaporation was a factor affecting DTR only in the summer when it explained 52% of the variance. The most significant findings with CO2 doubling are substantial decreases in daily variability in winter over large portions of the domain, and localized increases in summer. Causes for these changes are traced to fluctuations in the intensity and position of the jet stream.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215007
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of gap junctions in normal and mutant ovaries of Drosophila melanogaster (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 185 (1985), S. 115-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An ovarian follicle of Drosophila consists of an oocyte, 15 nurse cells, and hundreds of follicular epithelial cells. A freeze-fracture analysis of the surfaces between glutaraldehyde-fixed ovarian cells showed that all three cell types were interconnected by gap junctions. This is the first report of gap junctions between adjacent nurse cells, between nurse cells and oocytes, and between follicle cells and oocytes in Drosophila. Since we did not observe intramembranous particle clumping into crystalline patterns and since structurally different gap junctions occurred at different times in development and at different cell-cell interfaces, it is unlikely that fixation artifacts influenced particle distribution in our experiments. A computer-assisted morphometric analysis showed that the extent, size, and morphology of gap junctions varied with development and that these junctions can cover up to 9% of the cell surfaces. To test the role of gap junctions in follicular maturation, we studied ovaries from flies homozygous for the female sterile mutation fs(2)A17, in which follicles develop normally until yolk deposition commences. During the development of mutant follicles, gap junctions became abnormal before any other morphological aspect of the follicle. These studies show that gap junctions are available to play an important role in coordinating intercellular activities between all three cell types in ovarian follicles of Drosophila.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051850109
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