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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AN INEXPENSIVE SEED CLEANER FOR USE WITH SINGLE HEADS OF TIMOTHY (1959)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 14 (1959), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Constructional details are given of an inexpensive seed cleaner capable of handling material from single heads of timothy, yielding cleaned seed of over 98% purity by weight. The conditions within the cleaner are reproducible and running costs negligible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1959.tb01001.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological regulation of Munc18/nSec1 phosphorylation on serine-313 (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 86 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Increased protein phosphorylation enhances exocytosis in most secretory cell types, including neurones. However, the molecular mechanisms by which this occurs and the specific protein targets remain unclear. Munc18-1/nSec1 is essential for exocytosis in neurones, and is known to be phosphorylated by protein kinase C (PKC) in vitro at Ser-313. This phosphorylation has been shown to decrease its affinity for syntaxin, and to alter the kinetics of exocytosis in chromaffin cells. However, there are no data on the physiological regulation of Ser-313 phosphorylation. Using phospho-Ser-313-specific antisera, we demonstrate here that Ser-313 is phosphorylated in intact and permeabilized chromaffin cells in response to histamine and Ca2+ respectively. Furthermore, Ser-313 is rapidly and transiently phosphorylated in intact synaptosomes in response to depolarization by KCl treatment or by 4-aminopyridine, and by the metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist dihydroxyphenylglycine. PKC was identified as the kinase, and PP1 and PP2B as the phosphatases responsible for regulating Ser-313 phosphorylation. As phosphorylation of nSec1 on Ser-313 affects the rate of transmitter release in chromaffin cells, the demonstration here that this phosphorylation event occurs in neurones suggests that synaptic neurotransmitter release may be similarly regulated by nSec1 phosphorylation. Furthermore, such changes in release kinetics are associated with long-term potentiation and depression, thus implicating nSec1 phosphorylation as a potential regulatory mechanism underlying presynaptic plasticity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01955.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental change in the calcium sensor for synaptic vesicle endocytosis in central nerve terminals (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 94 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Synaptic vesicle endocytosis is stimulated by calcium influx in mature central nerve terminals via activation of the calcium-dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin. However, in different neuronal preparations calcineurin activity is either inhibitory, stimulatory or irrelevant to the process. We addressed this inconsistency by investigating the requirement for calcineurin activity in synaptic vesicle endocytosis during development, using vesicle recycling assays in isolated nerve terminals. We show that endocytosis occurs independently of calcineurin activity in immature nerve terminals, and that a calcineurin requirement develops 2–4 weeks after birth. Calcineurin-independent endocytosis is not due to the absence of calcineurin activity, since calcineurin is present in immature nerve terminals and its substrate, dynamin I, is dephosphorylated on depolarization. Calcineurin-independent endocytosis is calcium-dependent, since substitution of the divalent cation, barium, inhibits the process. Finally, we demonstrated that in primary neuronal cultures derived from neonatal rats, endocytosis that was initially calcineurin-independent developed a calcineurin requirement on maturation in culture. Our data account for the apparent inconsistencies regarding the role of calcineurin in synaptic vesicle endocytosis, and we propose that an unidentified calcium sensor exists to couple calcium influx to endocytosis in immature nerve terminals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03213.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorylation of cysteine string protein in the brain: developmental, regional and synaptic specificity (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Protein phosphorylation modulates regulated exocytosis in most cells, including neurons. Cysteine string protein (CSP) has been implicated in this process because its phosphorylation on Ser10 alters its interactions with syntaxin and synaptotagmin, and because the effect of CSP overexpression on exocytosis kinetics in chromaffin cells requires phosphorylatable Ser10. To characterize CSP phosphorylation in the brain, we raised phosphospecific antibodies to Ser10. Western blotting revealed that the proportion of phosphorylated CSP (P-CSP) varies between distinct brain regions and also exhibits developmental regulation, with P-CSP highest early in development. Immunohistochemical analysis of the cerebellar cortex revealed a novel pool of P-CSP that did not colocalize with synaptic vesicle markers during early development. Strikingly, in the adult cerebellar granular layer P-CSP was highly enriched in a subset of glutamatergic synapses but undetectable in neighbouring GABA-ergic synapses. In view of the functional consequences of CSP phosphorylation, such differences could contribute to the synapse-specific regulation of neurotransmitter release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04118.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of neurotransmitter release by dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels involves tyrosine phosphorylation (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 11 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cultured rat cerebellar granule cells depolarized by high KCl, display a large component of Ca2+ influx through L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels as defined by a sensitivity to 1 μm nifedipine. This Ca2+ influx is not coupled to neurotransmitter exocytosis but has implications for neuronal development. KCl stimulation in the absence of external Ca2+ followed by the re-addition of Ca2+ allows the coupling of a class of L-type Ca2+ channels to neurotransmitter exocytosis as assessed by loading of glutamatergic pools with [3H]-d-aspartate. KCl stimulation in the absence of external Ca2+ (‘predepolarization') enhances tyrosine phosphorylation of several cellular proteins, and inhibitors of tyrosine kinases block both phosphorylation and the neurotransmitter release coupled to the L-type Ca2+ channel. More specifically, an inhibitor of src family tyrosine kinases, PP1, blocks the effects of predepolarization suggesting a role for a src family kinase in the process. Furthermore, L-type Ca2+ channel recruitment and modulation of release could be activated with the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor sodium orthovanadate. The phosphoproteins enhanced by predepolarization, which include the cytoskeletal proteins focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and vinculin, are also highly phosphorylated early on in culture when neurite outgrowth occurs. As the neurons develop a network of neurites, both tyrosine phosphorylation and L-type Ca2+ channel activity decrease. These results show a novel mechanism for the recruitment of L-type Ca2+ channels and their coupling to neurotransmitter release which involves tyrosine phosphorylation. This phenomenon has a role in cerebellar granule cell development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00427.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genotype and phenotype in carriers of germline TP53 mutations (2001)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 27 (2001), S. 92-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] We collected data on a large cohort of families with features of Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). To date we have identified germline TP53 mutations in 28 families: 20 of 25 classic LFS and 8 of 20 Li-Fraumeni–like. In addition we have identified germline mutations in 12 other individuals or ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/87342
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pattern of melatonin secretion is rhythmic in the domestic pig and responds rapidly to changes in daylength (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of pineal research 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-079X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of the study was to investigate the capability of pigs to respond to abrupt changes in lighting conditions by means of alterations in circadian melatonin profiles. Sixteen pre-pubertal crossbred male pigs weighing 40–45 kg were housed in individual pens in four temperature- and lighting-controlled climate rooms (four pigs per room). In two rooms there was a light–dark cycle of 16 L:8 D (Group A) and in two other rooms 8 L:16 D (Group B). Under both lighting regimens light intensity at pig eye-level was 220–240 lx during the light phase and less than 7 lx (red light) during the dark phase. The lighting regimens were changed after 2 wks to the opposite regimen and the change was repeated after a further 2 wks, so that animals ended up with the same light cycle with which they started. Blood was sampled at 2-hr intervals for 48 hr spanning each time of change in lighting. A further 24-hr sampling was performed at the end of the experiment (2 wks after the last change) in both groups and 1 wk after the change from short to long day lighting in Group A. On 83/86 occasions, pigs exhibited a clear circadian rhythm in plasma melatonin under both lighting regimens. Pigs responded immediately to the change from long to short day lighting by advancing melatonin secretion to the earlier lights-off time and some pigs were able to extend secretion to the delayed lights-on time. For short to long day changeover there was a small immediate response, with secretion pattern following the previously entrained endogenous rhythm to within 3 hr of the previous lights-on time. After 1 wk commencement of secretion was delayed by up to 2 hr, while after 2 wks some pigs were able to delay commencement of secretion until lights-off or to cease at lights-on. It is concluded that the domestic pig is able to commence adjustment to abrupt changes in photoperiod within a 1-wk acclimatization by altering circadian melatonin secretion. The present study suggests that it may be possible to use simplified lighting regimens instead of stepwise changing lighting programs in commercial piggeries to reduce the influence of season on production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-079X.2001.310402.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clarifying plasma melatonin profiles in domestic pigs: A critical and comparative evaluation of two radioimmunoassay systems (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of pineal research 22 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-079X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Klupiec C, Evans G, Love RJ, Kennaway DJ. Clarifying plasma melatonin profiles in domestic pigs: A critical and comparative evaluation of two radioimmunoassay systems. J. Pineal Res. 1997; 22:65–74. © Munksgaard, Copenhagen.〈section xml:id="abs1-1"〉〈title type="main"〉AbstractThe results of a direct radioimmunoassay (RIA) for porcine plasma melatonin, suggesting a relationship among plasma melatonin, feed intake and photoperiod, were investigated by comparison with the results of an extracted RIA. These findings were further examined by analysis of a small number of samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). The results identified inadequacies in the specificity of the direct RIA and failed to provide evidence for an effect of feed intake on melatonin secretion. Instead, it appeared that feed restriction exacerbated nonspecificity in the direct RIA. The cause of nonspecificity, and its effect on analysis of daily plasma melatonin profiles, were examined. The plasma component(s) responsible for nonspecificity was (were) not identified. However, the results suggest that characteristics of the antiserum used in the direct RIA are involved in the mechanism by which nonspecificity is induced. Results obtained using the extracted assay revealed that plasma melatonin concentrations in prepubertal gilts and pregnant sows exhibit a diurnal pattern, in which concentrations are low during daylight and modestly increased during darkness. Using the direct RIA, the same profiles exhibited highly variable melatonin concentrations showing little association with the light-dark cycle. Thus, assay specificity was identified as a factor contributing to inconsistencies in the literature describing plasma melatonin in the domestic pig and the importance of rigorous validation of RIAs was demonstrated. Furthermore, the results indicate that plasma melatonin concentrations in domestic pigs, as in other mammalian species, are entrained by the light-dark cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.1997.tb00305.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Germline mutations of the BRCA1 gene in breast and ovarian cancer families provide evidence for a genotype–phenotype correlation (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 11 (1995), S. 428-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Mutations in the BRCA1 gene, discovered in 1994, are associated with an 80–90% lifetime risk of breast cancer. We have analysed 60 families with a history of breast and/or ovarian cancer for germline mutations in BRCA1. Twenty–two different mutations were detected in 32 families (53%), ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1295-428
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eleven novel mutations in the NF2 tumour suppressor gene (1995)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 95 (1995), S. 572-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eleven novel mutations were identified in the NF2 tumour suppressor gene in a panel of British NF2 patients. Screening was performed using a combination of heteroduplex and single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis on polymerase chain reaction amplified material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223872
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