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  • 1995-1999  (11)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1940-1944
  • 1900-1904  (1)
  • 1996  (11)
  • 1900  (1)
  • Crystal Structure  (5)
  • Microbial biomass  (4)
  • Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling
  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • Organic Chemistry
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  • 1995-1999  (11)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1940-1944
  • 1900-1904  (1)
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Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ergosterol and microbial biomass relationship in soil (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 299-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Microbial biomass ; Fungal biomass ; Ergosterol ; Fumigation extraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Ergosterol and microbial biomass C were measured in 26 arable, 16 grassland and 30 forest soils. The ergosterol content ranged from 0.75 to 12.94 μg g-1 soil. The geometric mean ergosterol content of grassland and forest soils was around 5.5 μg g-1, that of the arable soils 2.14 μg g-1. The ergosterol was significantly correlated with biomass C in the entire group of soils, but not in the subgroups of grassland and forest soils. The geometric mean of the ergosterol: microbial biomass C ratio was 6.0 mg g-1, increasing in the order grassland (5.1), arable land (5.4) and woodland (7.2). The ergosterol:microbial biomass C ratio had a strong negative relationship with the decreasing cation exchange capacity and soil pH, indicating that the fungal part of the total microbial biomass in soils increased when the buffer capacity decreased. The average ergosterol concentration calculated from literature data was 5.1 mg g-1 fungal dry weight. Assuming that fungi contain 46% C, the conversion factor from micrograms ergosterol to micrograms fungal biomass C is 90. For soil samples, neither saponification of the extract nor the more effective direct saponification during extraction seems to be really necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334573
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The problem of pretreatment and unintentional variations in the fumigation-extraction method for time-course measurements in the field (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 167-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Analytical variations ; Root intenference ; Root pre-extraction ; Fumigation-extraction ; Microbial biomass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A control soil stored at 4°C was analyzed 38 times by fumigation-extraction during a period of 11 months to correct for variations caused by the analytical procedure. The difference in extractable C between fumigated and unfumigated samples oscillated around the average without a positive or negative trend. When data from contemporaneously extracted field samples were corrected with control soil data the variations were lowered. The deviations between corrected and uncorrected biomass C values had maxima of ±12%. Data obtained for seven dates using pre-extraction, wet-sieving, and centrifuging were compared with data obtained by the conventional procedure without any pretreatment. A negative difference from data obtained without pretreatment was found when the soil water content was decreased to 6%. The largest positive difference (+38%) was found in May during the period of highest root growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384450
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The problem of pretreatment and unintentional variations in the fumigation-extraction method for time-course measurements in the field (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 167-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Analytical variations ; Root interference ; Root pre-extraction ; Fumigation-extraction ; Microbial biomass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A control soil stored at 4°C was analyzed 38 times by fumigation-extraction during a period of 11 months to correct for variations caused by the analytical procedure. The difference in extractable C between fumigated and unfumigated samples oscillated around the average without a positive or negative trend. When data from contemporaneously extracted field samples were corrected with control soil data the variations were lowered. The deviations between corrected and uncorrected biomass C values had maxima of ±12%. Data obtained for seven dates using pre-extraction, wet-sieving, and centrifuging were compared with data obtained by the conventional procedure without any pretreatment. A negative difference from data obtained without pretreatment was found when the soil water content was decreased to 6%. The largest positive difference (+38%) was found in May during the period of highest root growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384450
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activity and biomass of soil microorganisms at different depths (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 38-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Microbial biomass ; Depth profile ; Fumigation-extraction method ; Soil organic matter ; Dormant population
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We measured microbial biomass C and soil organic C in soils from one grassland and two arable sites at depths of between 0 and 90 cm. The microbial biomass C content decreased from a maximum of 1147 (0–10 cm layer) to 24 μg g-1 soil (70–90 cm layer) at the grassland site, from 178 (acidic site) and 264 μg g-1 soil (neutral site) at 10–20 cm to values of between 13 and 12 μg g-1 soil (70–90 cm layer) at the two arable sites. No significant depth gradient was observed within the plough layer (0–30 cm depth) for biomass C and soil organic C contents. In general, the microbial biomass C to soil organic C ratio decreased with depth from a maximum of between 1.4 and 2.6% to a minimum of between 0.5 and 0.7% at 70–90 cm in the three soils. Over a 24-week incubation period at 25°C, we examined the survival of microbial biomass in our three soils at depths of between 0 and 90 cm without external substrate. At the end of the incubation experiment, the contents of microbial biomass C at 0–30 cm were significantly lower than the initial values. At depths of between 30 and 90 cm, the microbial biomass C content showed no significant decline in any of the four soils and remained constant up to the end of the experiment. On average, 5.8% of soil organic C was mineralized at 0–30 cm in the three soils and 4.8% at 30–90 cm. Generally, the metabolic quotient qCO2 values increased with depth and were especially large at 70–90 cm in depth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335816
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nachschrift (1900)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 62 (1900), S. 134-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19000620107
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemie (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 26 (1996), S. viii 
    Details
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biuz.19960260615
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ternäre Bromide und Iodide zweiwertiger Lanthanide und ihre Erdalkali-Analoga vom Typ AMX3 und AM2X5Professor Hanskarl Müller-Buschbaum zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 759-765 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Metallothermic Reduction ; Lanthanides ; Alkaline Earth Metals ; Crystal Structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ternary Bromides and Iodides of Divalent Lanthanides and Their Alkaline-Earth Analoga of the Type AMX3 and AM2X5Metallothermic reduction of the tribromides and -iodides MX3 (M = Sm, Dy, Tm, Yb) with alkali metals as well as with indium and thallium (A = Cs, Rb, K, In, Tl) results in most cases in ternary compounds with the composition AMX3 and AM2X5, respectively. Analogous compounds with M = Ba, Sr, Ca were synthesized from the binary components. The AMX3 compounds crystallize with the following types of structure: the perovskite-type and its distorted variants, the NaNbO3-II- and the GdFeO3-type, the NH4CdCl3- and the stuffed PuBr3-type. These structure types differ by a gain of condensation of the [MX6] octahedra (three-dimensional connection via corners within the variants of the perovskite-type, double chains of edge- and face-connected octahedra within the NH4CdCl3-type, and layers of corner- and edge-connected octahedra within the stuffed PuBr3-type of structure). This comes along with a reduction of the coordination number of A+ from 12 (“ideal” perovskite) to 8 + 2 (GdFeO3-type), 9 (NH4CdCl3-type), and 8 (stuffed PuBr3-type). Thus, the A/[MX6] size ratio determines which AMX3 type of structure is adopted. If the M2+ ion is large enough, ternary compounds with the composition AM2X5 occur either in addition to the AMX3 compounds or exclusively. They crystallize with the TlPb2Cl5 type of structure (C.N.(M2+) = 7 and 8). All of the AMX3 and AM2X5 compounds are summarized in a structure field diagram.
    Notes: Die metallothermische Reduktion der Tribromide und -iodide MX3 (M = Sm, Dy, Tm, Yb) mit Alkalimetallen sowie mit Indium und Thallium (A = Cs, Rb, K, In, Tl) liefert überwiegend ternäre Verbindungen der Zusammensetzungen AMX3 bzw. AM2X5. Analoge Erdalkaliverbindungen (M = Ba, Sr, Ca) wurden aus den jeweiligen binären Komponenten dargestellt. Die Halogenide AMX3 kristallisieren im Perowskit-Typ und seinen Verzerrungsvarianten, dem NaNbO3-II-bzw. dem GdFeO3-Typ, sowie im NH4CdCl3- oder im aufgefüllten PuBr3-Typ. Diese Strukturtypen unterscheiden sich durch eine zunehmende Verknüpfung der [MX6]-Oktaeder (allseitige Eckenverknüpfung in den Perowskitvarianten, Doppelstränge aus kanten- und flächenverknüpften Oktaedern im NH4CdCl3-Typ und kanten- und eckenverknüpfte Oktaederschichten im aufgefüllten PuBr3-Typ). Sie geht mit einer Verkleinerung der Koordinationszahl des A+-Ions von 12 im idealen Perowskit über 8 + 2 (GdFeO3-Typ) und 9 (NH4CdCl3-Typ) auf 8 (aufgefüllter PuBr3-Typ) einher, so daß das A/[MX6]-Größenverhältnis ausschlaggebend dafür ist, welcher Strukturtyp für die Zusammensetzung AMX3 auftritt. Sind die M2+-Ionen groß genug, treten (zusätzlich oder ausschließlich) Verbindungen vom Typ AM2X5 auf, die im TlPb2Cl5-Typ kristallisieren (C.N.(M2+) = 7 und 8). Alle erhaltenen Verbindungen wurden in einem Strukturfelddiagramm zusammengefaßt.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19966220502
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kristallstrukturen von [TiF3(NPPh3)(HNPPh3)]2 und von HNPPh3Professor H.-G. von Schnering zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 1091-1096 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Phosphorane Iminato-Phosphaneimine Complex of Titanium ; Synthesis ; Crystal Structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Crystal Structures of [TiF3(NPPh3)(HNPPh3)]2 and of HNPPh3The phosphoraneiminato-phosphaneimine complex [TiF3(NPPh3)(HNPPh3)]2 was obtained by the reaction of TiF4 with Me3SiNPPh3 in boiling dichloromethane. It crystallizes from 1,2-dichloroethane as yellow crystals which include four molecules C2H4Cl2 per dimeric formula unit. Space group P21/n, Z = 2, structure solution with 7270 independent reflections, R = 0.060 for reflections with I 〉 2σ(I). Lattice dimensions at -50°C: a = 1417.5, b = 1896.9, c = 1586.6 pm, β = 101.22°. The compound forms centrosymmetric dimeric molecules via μ2-F bridges with TiF distances of 194.6 and 223.3 pm, the longer one being in trans-position to the N atom of the (NPPh3)- ligand. Its TiN bond length of 177.7 pm corresponds with a double bond. The TiN bond length of the HNPPh3 donor molecule of 213.4 pm is typical for a donor acceptor bond.According to the crystal structure determination the phosphaneimine HNPPh3 forms monomeric molecules without intermolecular hydrogen bridges with a PN bond length of 152.4 pm. Space group P21/c, Z = 4, structure solution with 3229 independent reflections, R = 0.062 for reflections with I 〉 2σ(I). Lattice dimensions at -70°C: a = 1460.4, b = 928.9, c = 1096.6 pm, β = 93.35°.
    Notes: Der Phosphaniminato-Phosphanimin-Komplex [TiF3(NPPh3)(HNPPh3)]2 wird aus TiF4 und Me3SiNPPh3 in siedendem Dichlormethan erhalten. Er kristallisiert aus 1,2-Dichlorethan als gelbe Kristalle unter Einschluß von vier Molekülen C2H4Cl2 pro dimere Formeleinheit. Raumgruppe P21/n, Z = 2, Strukturlösung mit 7270 unabhängigen Reflexen, R = 0,060 für Reflexe mit I 〉 2σ(I). Gitterkonstanten bei -50°C: a = 1417,5; b = 1896,9; c = 1586,6 pm; β = 101,22°. Die Verbindung bildet zentrosymmetrische Dimere, in denen die Titanatome über μ2-F-Brücken mit TiF-Abständen von 194,6 und 223,3 pm verknüpft sind. Die lange Ti—F-Bindung befindet sich in trans-Position zum N-Atom des (NPPh3)--Liganden, dessen TiN-Bindung mit 177,7 pm einer Doppelbindung entspricht. Der vom HNPPh3-Liganden ausgehende Ti—N-Abstand beträgt 213,4 pm.Das Phosphanimin HNPPh3 bildet nach der Kristallstrukturanalyse monomere Moleküle mit einer PN-Bindungslänge von 152,4 pm ohne intermolekulare Wasserstoffbrücken. Raumgruppe P21/c, Z = 4, Strukturlösung mit 3229 unabhängigen Reflexen, R = 0,062 für Reflexe mit I 〉 2σ(I). Gitterkonstanten bei -70°C: a = 1460,4; b = 928,9; c = 1096,6 pm; β = 93,35°.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19966220626
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese und Kristallstruktur von Praseodympropionat-trihydrat, Pr(CH3CH2COO)3(H2O)3Professor Gerhard Thiele zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 325-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Praseodymium ; Propionate ; Crystal Structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Praseodymium Propionate Trihydrate, Pr(CH3CH2COO)3(H2O)3Single crystals of Pr(CH3CH2COO)3(H2O)3 were obtained by dissolving freshly prepared praseodymium hydroxide in diluted propionic acid. The crystal structure (monoclinic, P21/c, Z = 4, a = 1034.2(2) pm, b = 1521.2(3) pm, c = 2086.3(7) pm, β = 102.87(2)°, R1 = 0.0864, wR2 = 0.1196) consists of one-dimensional infinite chains parallel [010]. Pr1 and Pr2 are coordinated by four tridentate-bridging propionate groups. Additionally, Pr1 is coordinated by three “coordination water” molecules, Pr2 by two bidentate propionate groups. There are, in addition, three “crystal water” molecules so that praseodymium propionate trihydrate should be formulated as [(H2O)3Pr1(CH3CH2COO)4Pr2(CH3CH2COO)2] (H2O)3.
    Notes: Einkristalle von Pr(CH3CH2COO)3(H2O)3 wurden durch Auflösen von frisch gefälltem Praseodymhydroxid in verdünnter Propionsäure und anschließendes Eindunsten bei Raumtemperatur an der Luft erhalten. Die Kristallstruktur (monoklin, P21/c, Z = 4, a = 1034,2(2) pm, b = 1521,2(3) pm, c = 2086,3(7) pm, β = 102,87(2)°, R1 = 0,0864, wR2 = 0,1196) wird von eindimensional-unendlichen Ketten längs [010] geprägt. In diesen sind Pr1 und Pr2 von insgesamt vier dreizähnig-überbrückenden Propionatgruppen, Pr1 zusätzlich von drei „Koordinationswasser“-Molekülen, Pr2 stattdessen von zwei zweizähnigen Propionatgruppen koordiniert. Daneben liegen drei „Kristallwasser“-Moleküle vor, so daß das Praseodympropionat-trihydrat gemäß [(H2O)3Pr1(CH3CH2COO)4Pr2(CH3CH2COO)2](H2O)3 formuliert werden sollte.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19966220220
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eine Strukturvariante zum NaErCl4/α-NiWO4-Typ für ternäre Selten-Erd-Chloride vom Typ NaMCl4: Synthese und Kristallstruktur von NaLuCl4Professor Wolfgang Jeitschko zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 785-789 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Rare Earth Halides ; Crystal Structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A Structural Variant to the NaErCl4/α-NiWO4 Type for Ternary Rare-Earth Halides NaMCl4: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of NaLuCl4Single crystals of NaLuCl4 (orthorhombic, Pbcn (Nr. 60), Z = 4, a = 618.6(1) pm, b = 1 592.2(2) pm, c = 657.0(1) pm) were grown for the first time from the binary components using the Bridgman technique. The crystal structure may be derived from a hexagonally closest packing of Cl- spheres with one half of all octahedral sites occupied by the cations Na+ and Lu3+, respectively. The close relation of the structure to that of NaErCl4 (α-NiWO4) is discussed. NaScCl4 was found to be isotypic to NaLuCl4.
    Notes: Einkristalle von NaLuCl4 (orthorhombisch, Pbcn (Nr. 60), Z = 4, a = 618,6(1) pm, b = 1 592,2(2) pm, c = 657,0(1) pm) wurden erstmals nach dem Bridgman-Verfahren aus den binären Komponenten gezüchtet. Die Kristallstruktur läßt sich von einer hexagonal-dichtesten Kugelpackung von Cl--Ionen ableiten, in der die Hälfte aller Oktaederlücken mit den Kationen Na+ bzw. Lu3+ besetzt ist. Die enge Verwandtschaft der Struktur mit jener von NaErCl4 (α-NiWO4) wird diskutiert. Mit NaScCl4 konnte ein zweiter Vertreter dieses Strukturtyps dargestellt werden.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19966220506
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