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  • 1995-1999  (3)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1995  (3)
  • 1950
  • Barley  (1)
  • Biomechanics  (1)
  • Cercus  (1)
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Material
Years
  • 1995-1999  (3)
  • 1950-1954
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulus-response properties of cricket cereal filiform receptors (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 177 (1995), S. 749-757 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Cricket ; Cercus ; Filiform receptor ; Mechanoreception ; Sensory system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The dynamic ranges and stimulus-response properties of a large sample of cereal filiform receptors in Acheta domesticus were investigated electrophysiologically. The relation between receptor response and stimulus velocity was a sigmoid function, the log-linear portion of which spanned 1–1.5 log units of peak air-current velocity. Different receptors responded over different but overlapping velocity ranges, such that the system velocity sensitivity range spanned at least 2.5 log units. Plots of receptor response amplitude vs. stimulus direction were sinusoidal, with a period of 360°. Long-hair receptors responded in phase with air-current velocity, and intermediate-hair receptors responded in phase with air-current acceleration. These results extend those of Shimozawa and Kanou (1984a) and Kämper and Kleindienst (1990), in which the dynamics of receptor responses were shown to depend on hair length. When individual hairs were directly mechanically deflected, their receptors responded in phase with the first derivative of hair deflection. The signal transform between the air-current stimulus and the receptor response is comprised of two processes, one biomechanical/aerodynamic and one membrane biophysical. The results of this study suggest that the parametric sensitivities of receptors are primarily determined by hair biomechanical/aerodynamic properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187633
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleolar transformation in plants grown on clinostats (1995)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 185 (1995), S. 194-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Barley ; Nucleoli ; Proteins ; Roots ; Stress ; “Weightlessness”
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cells of carrot calli (Daucus carota L.) grown on clinostats (simulated weightlessness) exhibit increases in nucleolar number and volume. In clinostat-grown whole barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Steptoe), nucleoli in ∼70% of root meristem and root cortical cells in the 1 mm root apex exhibit multiple nodulations after one day of growth. The nucleolar nodules (1.1 μm mean diameter) are densely and finely fibrous, distinctly different from the nucleolus in which the content is so compact that the granular component is masked. Control nucleoli (from vertically rotated and stationary seedlings) rarely exhibit nodule-like protrusions, are not compact, and contain a well defined granular component. Proteins that are heat soluble, characteristic of many stress responses, rapidly increase in barley grown on clinostats. Barley growth on clinostats is slowly and steadily inhibited. There is no difference between vertically rotated and stationary controls for any of the parameters measured, indicating that clinostat motion per se does not affect significantly barley development. The evidence taken together suggests that barley plants germinated and grown on clinostats are stressed, the effects of which are expressed sequentially by alteration of nucleolar morphology, increased production of heat-soluble proteins, and decreased plant growth. Similar stress-related changes may be expected to occur in plants subjected to weightlessness during space flight. It is therefore of interest that nucleoli in wheat roots (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Broom) obtained from the space flight IML-1 mission show irregularity that is not observed in any of the ground controls for the flight experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01272860
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New models of the oculomotor mechanics based on data obtained with chronic muscle force transducers (1995)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 23 (1995), S. 346-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Saccade ; Extraocular muscles ; Muscle crossbridge models ; Biomechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Several phenomenological models of the oculomotor mechanics that produce saccadic eye movements have been developed. These models have been based on measurements of macroscopic muscle and orbital tissue properties and measurements of eye kinematics during saccades. We recorded the forces generated by the medial and lateral recti during saccades in an alert, behaving monkey using chronically implanted force transducers. With this new data, we tested the ability of the classic saccade models to generate realistic muscle force profiles. Errors in the predictions of the classic saccade models led to a reexamination of the current models of extraocular muscle. Both a phenomenological, Hill-type muscle model and an approximation to Huxley's molecular level muscle model based on the crossbridge mechanism of contraction (distribution moment model) were derived and studied for monkey extraocular muscle. Simulations of the distribution moment model led to insights suggesting (i) specific modifications in the lumped force/velocity relationship in the Hill-type model that resulted in this type of phenomenological model being able to generate realistic dynamics in extraocular muscle during saccades; (ii) the distribution of activity in the different fiber types in extraocular muscle may be central to the characteristics exhibited by the muscle during saccades; (iii) the transient properties of lengthening muscle such as yielding are not significant during saccades; and (iv) the series elastic component in active muscle may be predominantly generated by the elastic properties of the cross-bridges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000003
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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