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  • 2000-2004  (2)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1960-1964  (3)
  • 2002  (2)
  • 1964  (3)
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  • 2000-2004  (2)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1960-1964  (3)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alverine citrate fails to relieve the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Alverine citrate has been used in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome for many years.Aims : To compare the efficacy and safety of a new formulation of alverine citrate, a 120-mg capsule, with placebo given three times daily for 12 weeks.Methods : One hundred and seven patients with irritable bowel syndrome were entered into this three-centre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial. The primary end-point was relief of abdominal pain indicated by improvement in the scores for severity and frequency. Secondary efficacy variables included scores for other clinical symptoms and for overall well-being.Results : The severity and frequency of abdominal pain improved in 66% and 68% of patients treated with alverine citrate vs. 58% and 69% of the placebo group, but these differences were not significant. The mean percentage reduction in the scores for abdominal pain from baseline to the final assessment, although greater in the alverine citrate group (43.7%) compared with the placebo group (33.3%), was not statistically significant.Conclusions : Alverine citrate is no better than placebo at relieving the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Future trials should be designed to take into account the high and persistent placebo response seen in this condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01277.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “Living high − training low” altitude training improves sea level performance in male and female élite runners (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 12 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: Acclimatization to moderate high altitude accompanied by training at low altitude (living high–training low) has been shown to improve sea level endurance performance in accomplished, but not élite, runners. Whether élite athletes, who may be closer to the maximal structural and functional adaptive capacity of the respiratory (i.e. oxygen transport from environment to mitochondria) system, may achieve similar performance gains is unclear. To answer this question, we studied 14 élite men and eight élite women before and after 27 days of living at 2500 m while performing high-intensity training at 1250 m. The altitude sojourn began 1 week after the USA Track and Field National Championships, when the athletes were close to their season's fitness peak. Sea level 3000-m time trial performance was significantly improved by 1.1% (95% confidence limits 0.3–1.9%). One-third of the athletes achieved personal best times for the distance after the altitude training camp. The improvement in running performance was accompanied by a 3% improvement in maximal oxygen uptake (72.1 ± 1.5–74.4 ± 1.5 ml kg− 1 min− 1). Circulating erythropoietin levels were near double initial sea level values 20 h after ascent (8.5 ± 0.5–16.2 ± 1.0 IU ml−1). Soluble transferrin receptor levels were significantly elevated on the 19th day at altitude, confirming a stimulation of erythropoiesis (2.1 ± 0.7–2.5 ± 0.6 μ g ml-1). Hb concentration measured at sea level increased 1 g dl−1 over the course of the camp (13.3 ± 0.2–14.3 ± 0.2 g dl−1). We conclude that 4 weeks of acclimatization to moderate altitude, accompanied by high-intensity training at low altitude, improves sea level endurance performance even in élite runners. Both the mechanism and magnitude of the effect appear similar to that observed in less accomplished runners, even for athletes who may have achieved near maximal oxygen transport capacity for humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0838.2002.120111_1.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lability of the Action Potential and the Recovery Cycle from Isolated Motor Axons of the Crab, Carcinus (1964)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 203 (1964), S. 872-873 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1. Tracings from original records illustrating the modification of the form of the action potential when anodal current (dashed line), and cathodal current (solid line) are applied during the repolarization phase. The normal course of repolarization is shown by the fine solid line. Action ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/203872a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the cabbage maggot Hylemyia brassicae (Bouché) on aseptic and decaying rutabaga tissue (1964)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 7 (1964), S. 115-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Kohlfliege, Hylemyia brassicae (Bouché), wurde vom Ei bis zur Imago auf keimfreiem Kohlrüben-Gewebe gezogen. Insgesamt verpuppten sich 17 aseptische Larven; und die 6 Männchen und 7 Weibchen, die später daraus schlüpften, waren ebenfalls bakterienfrei. Die Larven entwickelten sich nicht auf hitzesterilisiertem Gewebe, oder wenn dieses Gewebe mit fäulniserregenden Bakterien versetzt wurde. Ein Vergleich der Larvalentwicklung auf aseptischen Kohlrüben-Stücken, die mit verschiedenen Arten fäulniserregender Bakterien infiziert waren, zeigt, daß sich die Larven am besten entwickelten, wenn keine Bakterien anwesend waren oder wenn das Kohlrüben-Gewebe nur langsam faulte. Es kamen weniger Larven zur Verpuppung, und die Puparien waren am kleinsten, wenn die Larven mit Kohlrüben-Gewebe ernährt wurden, das infolge Befalls mit Erwinia atroseptica (van Hall) Jennison oder Erwinia carotovora (Jones) Holland rasch faulte. Die Verpuppungs-Prozentsätze der Larven nach Fütterung mit Kohlrüben-Stücken, die mit E. atroseptica, E. carotovora, einer unbekannten Erwinia-Art (die eine langsame Fäulnis verursacht) oder einem Gemisch von E. atroseptica und der Erwinia-Art infiziert waren, sowie in der Kontrolle (ohne Bakterien), betrugen 28, 55, 70, 81, und 75%. Eine unbekannte Erwinia-Art, die durchgängig von verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien der Kohlfliege von Kohlrüben-Feldern isoliert werden konnte, hemmte die von E. atroseptica ausgelösten Fäulnisprozesse, wenn ein Gemisch der beiden Bakterien in Kohlrüben-Gewebestücke gebracht wurde. Dies vermag zum Teil das geringe Auftreten der Weichfäule auf Kohlrüben-Feldern zu erklären, die von Kohlfliegen befallen sind.
    Notes: Abstract The cabbage maggot, Hylemyia brassicae (Bouché) was reared from egg to adult under aseptic conditions on rutabaga (Swede; Brassica napus napobrassica). No larvae survived either on contaminated or uncontaminated rutabaga plugs sterilized by heat. A comparison of larval development on rutabaga inoculated with several species of decay-producing bacteria showed that larvae developed best on healthy uncontaminated rutabaga tissue or on rutabaga tissue that decayed slowly. Survival was lowest and puparia were smallest when larvae fed on plugs that were decayed rapidly by virulent soft-rot bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305046
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relation of the cabbage maggot, Hylemyia brassicae (Bouché), to decay in some cruciferous crops (1964)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 7 (1964), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Beziehung zweier Kohlfliegen-Populationen (Hylemyia brassicae Bouché) zu fäulniserregenden Bakterien an Kreuzblütlern in Verbindung mit dem von den Larven verursachten Schaden untersucht. 92 bez. 90% der Eier und 100 bez. 35% der Puparien, die sich an Kohlrüben und Chinakohl entwickelten, trugen pathogene Bakterien. Pathogene Kulturen wurden von 44% der Präpuppen-Häute aus Puparien der Chinakohl-Populationen erhalten. Die Larven vermochten fäulniserregende Bakterien wirksam auf gesunde Gewebe zu übertragen und förderten die Entwicklung und Ausbreitung der Fäule. Beim Schlüpfen waren die Imagines innerlich nicht stark kontaminiert, beschmierten sich aber offenbar äußerlich durch Kontakt mit dem Inneren der Puppengehäuse und der Präpuppen-Häute. Ein als Erwinia spec. identifizierter Bakterientyp konnte durchgängig von allen Stadien der Kohlfliege isoliert werden, die sich an Kohlrüben entwickelten. Er verursacht bei Kohlrüben eine langsame nekrotische Fäulnis und dunkle Verfärbung der befallenen Gewebe. Dieses Bakterium scheint antagonistisch zu anderen Bakterien zu sein, da nur sehr wenige andere Keime mit Stadien der Insekten dieser Population vergesellschaftet gefunden wurden. Umgekehrt fanden sich viele verschiedene Bakterientypen auf Stadien der auf dem Chinakohl lebenden Kohlfliegen. Die Virulenz der pathogenen Kulturen variierte beträchtlich, jedoch verursachten alle irgendeine Art der Weichfäule. Einige dieser aus dem Inneren oberflächlich sterilisierter Puparien isolierten Kulturen wurden als Pseudomonas spec. and Aerobacter spec. bestimmt. Die Art der bakteriellen Kontamination der Kohlfliege scheint hauptsächlich von der Empfänglichkeit ihrer kreuzblütigen Wirtspflanzen gegenüber verschiedenen Typen der Fäulnis nach Verletzung durch die Kohlfliegenmaden abhängig zu sein. Die allgemeinen Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Insekt und den fäulniserregenden Bakterien werden beschrieben.
    Notes: Abstract Bacteria pathogenic to crucifers were isolated from 92% of the eggs from flies of the cabbage maggot, Hylemyia brassicae (Bouché) of a population from rutabaga (Swede; Brassica napus napobrassica) and from 90% of those from a population from Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis). The larvae transmitted the decay-causing bacteria to healthy tissues and aided in the development and spread of the rot. Of bacterial isolates from the interior of surface-sterile puparia, decay was caused by 100% of those from the rutabaga population and 35% of those from Chinese cabbage. Pathogenic cultures were also obtained from 44% of the prepupal linings of the Chinese cabbage population. The light internal contamination of adults at eclosion showed that the flies became contaminated externally from the interior of the puparia. The two populations of H. brassicae studied were contaminated with distinctly different types of bacteria. Erwinia sp., the predominant isolate from the rutabaga population, grew best on rutabaga. It caused a slow necrotic collapse and a dark pigmentation of the tissues, but not a soft-rot. Many different types of bacterial contaminants were associated with the stages of the cabbage maggot from Chinese cabbage. Green pigmenting, non-pathogenic forms were very prevalent. All pathogenic cultures caused some type of soft-rot. Some of these cultures were identified as Pseudomonas sp. and Aerobacter sp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369164
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