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Identification of Neurones in the Female Rat Hypothalamus That Express Oestrogen Receptor-Alpha and Vesicular Glutamate Transporter-2 (2004)

Eyigor, O. ; Lin, W. ; Jennes, L.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Journal of neuroendocrinology 16 (2004), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2826

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Oestrogen exerts its effects in the brain by binding to and activating two members of the nuclear receptor family, oestrogen receptor (ER)-α and ER-β. Evidence suggests that oestrogen-receptive neurones participate in the generation of reproductive behaviours and that they convey the oestrogen message to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurones. The aim of the present study was to identify the neurochemical phenotype of a subset of oestrogen receptor-expressing neurones. To this aim, we focused on the glutamate neuronal system, which is one of the most important stimulators of GnRH synthesis and release. We used the presence of vesicular glutamate transporter-2 (VGLUT2) mRNA as a specific marker to identify glutamate neurones and employed dual in situ hybridization to localize ERα mRNA-(35S-labelling) and VGLUT2 mRNA-(digoxigenin-labelling) expressing neurones within the hypothalamus. The results show that the overall distribution of VGLUT2 mRNA and ERα mRNA are consistent with previous data in the literature. Dual-labelled neurones were localized in the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial nucleus where 81.3 ± 3.4% of the ERα mRNA containing neurones expressed VGLUT2 mRNA, in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (30% colocalization) and in the medial preoptic nucleus (19% colocalization). Only 4.4% of the ERα expressing neurones in the arcuate nucleus contained VGLUT2 mRNA. These findings reveal that certain subpopulations of oestrogen-receptive neurones are glutamatergic in select hypothalamic areas that are known to regulate reproductive behaviour and GnRH neurones in the female rat. Thus, the oestrogen signal could be propagated through glutamate neurones to distant sites and influence the activity of the postsynaptic neurones.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.2004.01109.x

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Linear dispersive shear waves in two-layer elastic medium (1973)

Lin, W. C. ; Nariboli, G. A.

Springer

Flow, turbulence and combustion 27 (1973), S. 451-462

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ISSN: 1573-1987

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Notes: Abstract In linear isotropic elasticity, cases exist where pure shear waves are possible even in bounded media; these have a nondispersive mode with propagation speed equal to that in an infinite medium. For these cases, consideration of a two-layer medium shows the existence of dispersion which vanishes only with equality of the propagation speeds. The present study uses the method of asymptotic expansions; a uniformly valid approximation is obtained to describe the speed and dispersive nature of these waves. The elegance of this approach is brought out by derivation of the basic result of this study viz., Jeffrey equation to describe the farfield structure of these waves.