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  • 1995-1999
  • 1975-1979  (4)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1977  (4)
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  • 1995-1999
  • 1975-1979  (4)
  • 1965-1969
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 266 (1977), S. 382-382 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] BANERJEE REPLIES-There was one major point that we had wanted to make in our original communication1. Before, and even since the publication of our note, there have been no lunar palaeointensity experiments in which, first, a direct, thermal method had been used on three sub-samples from one rock ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Schwefelvukanisation von Naturkautschuk mit der binären beshleunigermischung aus 2-Mercaptobenzthiazol (MBT) und Diphenyiguanidin (DPG) sowohl mit als auch ohne ZnO und Stearinsäure wurde mit und ohne Dicumylperoxid (DCP) eingehend untersucht. Dabei zeigte sich, daß die Zersetzungsgeschwindigkeit von DCP in Gegenwart von MBT und DPG derjenigen bei alleinigem Vorhandensein von MBT ganz ähnlich ist. Die verringerte Vernetzung ist nur von MBT abhängig. Obwohl DPG keinen Einfluß auf die Zersetzungsgeschwindigkeit ausübt, reagiert es mit MBT während der Vulkanisation und unterdrückt die von MBT verursachte Verzögerung. In Übereinstimmung mit der Anfangsadditivität der Vernetzung in DCP enthaltenden Systemen, der freien Schwefelabnahme und der Geschwindigkeit der Vernetzung wurde der Vulkanisierungsprozeß des MBT-DPG-S-NR-Systems durch einen durch MSH2NR′R″ induzierten polaren Mechanismus erklärt. In Gemischen, die DCP zusammen mit Schwefel, MBT, DPG, ZnO und Stearinsäure enthalten, ist das Anfangsstadium der Vernetzung additiv, was durch gemischte Reaktionen und durch Methyljodid-Behandlung der Vulkanisate bestätigt wird. Ein Vergleich rnit einzelnen Beschleunigern zeigt deutlich einen synergistischen Effekt. Dies wird von der gesteigerten Reaktivität des MBT-ZnO-Stearinsäure-Komplexes gegenüber DPG verursacht, das durch die Bildung des aktiven Komplexes MSH2NR′R″ auch eine polare Vulkanisation von Naturkautschuk induziert. Bei Anwesenheit von ZnO und Stearinsäure kann DCP die Vernetzungsdichte nicht vergrößern, es unterdrückt aber die bei seiner Abwesenheit deutliche Vernetzungsabnahme.
    Notes: Sulfuration of natural rubber (NR) by the binary accelerator 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and diphenylguanidine (DPG) both in presence and in absence of ZnO and stearic acid with or without dicumylperoxide (DCP) was studied in detail. It was observed that the rate of decomposition of DCP in presence of both MBT and DPG is quite similar to that with MBT alone. The reduction of crosslinking depends also on MBT only. Through DPG has no influence on the decomposition rate, it reacts with MBT during the vulcanization process and suppresses the retardation caused by MBT on the DCP vulcanization. In accordance with the initial additiveness of crosslinking in systems containing DCP, the free sulfur decrease, and the rapidity of crosslink formation the vulcanization process of MBT-DPG-S-NR systems was interpreted in terms of a polar mechanism induced by the complex MSH2NR′R″. In mixtures containing DCP together with sulfur, MBT, DPG, ZnO, and stearic acid, the initial stage of crosslinking is additive as indicated by a mixed reaction as well as by a methyl iodide treatment of the vulcanizates. Comparison with single accelerators shows a pronounced synergistic effect. This is because of the enhanced activity of the MBT-ZnO-stearic acid complex due to DPG which also induces polar sulfuration of NR by forming the active complex MSH2NR′R″. In presence of ZnO and stearic acid, DCP cannot increase the net crosslink density but suppresses the reversion so much pronounced in its absence.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The salient features of nonelemental sulfur vulcanization by tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) and elemental sulfur vulcanization promoted by TMTD both in presence and absence of ZnO and stearic acid have been studied. In stock containing TMTD, a higher rate constant value for dicumyl peroxide (DCP) decomposition was observed. TMTD decreases the crosslinking density due to DCP depending on its concentration. An entirely radical mechanism has been advanced in the absence of ZnO. ZnO or ZnO-stearic acid seems to alter the entire course of reaction. The rate of crosslinking increases in the presence of ZnO or ZnO-stearic acid. Moreover, crosslinks are formed additively (further supported from the activation energy data), and mixed crosslink formation has been confirmed by the methyl iodide test of the vulcanizates. Stearic acid has no effect on crosslink formation. An ionic chain mechanism has been postulated in the presence of ZnO, as suggested by British authors.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 (1977), S. 2773-2784 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This study embodies the results and discussion of a comprehensive and systematic investigation of the mechanism of sulfuration of styrene-butadiene rubber accelerated by N-cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide (CBS) with and without activators. Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) has been taken as a chemical aid to distinguish between free-radical and polar mechanisms of sulfuration. The rate constant for DCP decomposition in presence of CBS and the reduction in crosslink density by CBS have also been studied. With a constant amount of DCP and sulfur the crosslink density increases with increasing CBS concentration. In the presence of ZnO and stearic acid, crosslinking proceeds faster than in a similar system without these ingredients, and with DCP the crosslinks are found to be formed nearly additively as confirmed by methyl iodide treatment of the vulcanizates. In the absence of DCP, the crosslinking is characterized by an induction period, even in presence of ZnO and stearic acid. In the presence of sulfur, the 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MSH) or amine or amine salt form crosslinkins by ionic reaction.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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