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  • 1975-1979  (3)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1930-1934
  • 1978  (3)
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  • 1975-1979  (3)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1930-1934
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Superstructural parameters of polymeric material composed of clusters of lamella-shaped crystals can be obtained by model-calculations of their small-angle x-ray scattering curves. In this paper it has been demonstrated, that in many cases the modulation of the scattering curve is determined not only by the inner structure of the cluster but also dependent on the average (electron) density of the cluster environment, the mean sample density. Discussing the SAXS of the systems HDPE, PP and iPS/PPO it has been shown, that the use of a simpler „,black-white” model, in which the crystalline density has been setϱ c = 1 and the amorphous densityϱ a = 0, leads to a „phony fit”. The incorporation of the mean sample density into the model yields a different set of parameters. The mean sample density can be neglected as soon as the number of lamellae per cluster exceeds the value of 10.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Bestimmung von überstrukturdaten polymerer Lamellenclustersysteme kann über Modellrechnungen der Röntgenkleinwinkelstreukurven erfolgen. Es wird gezeigt, daß in vielen Fällen die Modulation der Streukurve nicht allein durch die innere Struktur der Cluster bestimmt ist, vielmehr muß die mittlere Elektronendichte der Umgebung der Cluster mitberücksichtigt werden. An den Systemen HDPE, PP und iPS/PPO wird gezeigt, daß die Verwendung eines einfacheren Modells, in dem die kristalline Dichte ϱc = 1 und die amorphe Dichte ϱa = 0 gesetzt wird („schwarzweiß”-Modell), für kleine Lamellenzahlen pro Cluster zu einer Scheinanpassung führt. Die BerÜcksichtigung der mittleren Probendichte fÜhrt zu abweichenden Anpassungsparametern bei der Berechnung der experimentellen Streukurve und damit zu anderen Über-rstrukturdaten. Der Einfluß der Umgebungsdichte wird vernachlässigbar klein, wenn die Zahl der lagekorrelierten Lamellen pro Cluster größer als 10 wird.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 74 (1978), S. 147-164 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The phase-structure of high impact polypropylene (HIPP) has been investigated using X-ray wide-angle and small-angle techniques. The results are compared with structural data obtained by measuring the correspondent homopolymers. The WAXS-curves show that the polyethylene and polypropylene building up the HIPP are built in separate crystals. The SAXS-curves make clear, that the PE- as well as PP-crystals stack together in separated superstructural regions. Theoretical calculations of the SAXS-curves employing the “stapel”-model yield structure parameters characterising the superstructures of both phases. The temperature dependence of the superstructure parameters of both phases shows clearly, that the crystals melt according to a model proposed by Kilian. A comparison of the superstructure data of the HIPP with those of the investigated homopolymers shows, that the phases of the HIPP are separated to an extent allowing both the PE and PP phase to crystallize undisturbed like in the homopolymer.
    Notes: Die Phasenstruktur einer schlagzähen Polypropylenprobe (HIPP) wird mit Hilfe von Röntgenweit-und Kleinwinkelstreuung untersucht. Die Ergebnisse werden mit Strukturdaten verglichen, die an parallel untersuchten Polyethylen-und Polypropylen-Homopolymeren erhalten werden. Die Röntgenweitwinkelstreukurven zeigen, daß das Polyethylen und Polypropylen im HIPP in getrennte Kristalle eingebaut wird. Aus den Röntgenkleinwinkelstreukurven wird deutlich, daß sich die PE-und PP-Kristalle in getrennten Überstrukturbereichen zusammenlagern. Berechnungen der Röntgenkleinwinkelstreukurven mit dem Stapelmodell ergeben Strukturparameter, mit denen die Üerstrukturen der beiden Komponenten charakterisiert werden können. Die Temperaturabhängigkeiten der Überstrukturparameter zeigen, daß die Kristalle sowohl in der PF-wie auch in der PP-Komponente größensekutiv entsprechend einem Modell von Kilian aufschmelzen. Der Vergleich der Überstrukturdaten des HIPP mit denen der Homopolymeren zeigt, daß die beiden Komponenten des HIPP so weitgehend entmischt sind, daß sie wie im Homopolymeren kristallisieren können. Bei gleicher Vorbehandlung der Proben entstehen daher sowohl im HIPP als auch in den Homopolymeren nahezu identische Überstrukturen.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 16 (1978), S. 1635-1649 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle x-ray scattering (WAXS) as well as small-angle light-scattering (SALS) techniques have been applied to investigate the microstructure of a number of commercial poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) samples. From the wide-angle x-ray scattering, crystallinity and crystal size parameters have been determined. The crystallinity of the samples investigated range from 5% to 10%. Superstructure parameters such as crystallite thickness, distribution functions of crystallite and amorphous thicknesses, and size of ordered regions have been obtained by an analysis of the SAXS curves using the cluster model. The crystallinity agrees well with the WAXS crystallinities indicating that most of the crystals are lamellar shaped, though some rodlike entities are present in the sample as is shown by the small-angle light scattering. From the SAXS analysis, the microstructure is described as clusters of lamella stacks which are identical with the subprimary particles. Their size is determined to be 220-240 Å. Emulsion type PVC also contains lamellar-shaped crystals. The superstructure, however, of this type of PVC is different from that of mass or suspension-polymerized material. The SAXS curve does not reveal any correlation between the crystals.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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