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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Childhood dysgraphia. Part 2. A study of hand function (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Child 15 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2214
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Summary Sixty-six children were studied who had presented to the paediatric neurology service over a 2-year period, because they were failing to make the expected progress in mainstream school. Their parents were interviewed with a structured questionnaire and the children had a full neurodevelopmental examination which included a detailed assessment of hand function. Thirty-nine per cent of the children had a specific dysgraphia and there was a male predominance. The different populations of affected children had distinguishing characteristics. A family history of written language skill difficulties was elicited for most of the children with a developmental spelling dysgraphia, but it was uncommon in the children with an acquired spelling dysgraphia or motor dysgraphia. Slow speech development occurred frequently in developmental and acquired spelling dysgraphic children. Mixed handedness was significantly commoner in dysgraphic children who had acquired problems (P 〈 0·05), whereas handedness in the developmental groups was within the expected normal distribution. Aspects of hand function such as power of hand grip did not distinguish the dysgraphic children. However, children with a spelling or motor dysgraphia had speeds of motor performance on successive finger movements and rapid hand pats outwith the normal range. These simple tests are a useful way of examining pertinent handskill difficulties in dysgraphic children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.1989.tb00612.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-speed InP/Ga0.47In0.53As superlattice avalanche photodiodes with very low background doping grown by continuous trichloride vapor-phase epitaxy (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 2609-2612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Trichloride vapor-phase epitaxy has been employed in a single chamber reactor to achieve the continuous (noninterrupted) growth of n−InP/n−In0.53Ga0.47As/InP superlattice structures for avalanche photodetector applications. Very low background doping has been achieved in both the InP (n≈1×1014 cm−3) and the superlattice layers (n=1×1015 cm−3). We report the details of the epitaxial crystal growth as well as analysis of the structures by secondary ion mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy. Avalanche photodiodes have been fabricated by Zn diffusion in the InP layer and mesa etching. The devices exhibit an intrinsic response time (full width at half maximum) of 66 ps at λ=1.5 μm which is the shortest so far achieved in superlattice photodetectors. Dark currents of 50 nA at unity gain, multiplication factors of 6, and breakdown voltages exceeding −120 V have been measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337129
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perturbed rotational structure in the 18 373 cm−1 band of the fluorescence excitation spectrum of jet-cooled chromyl fluoride (1986)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 85 (1986), S. 2423-2428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 18 373 cm−1 band in the fluorescence excitation spectrum of jet-cooled CrO2F2 has been recorded with 0.007 cm−1 linewidth. The stronger lines have been assigned to a type c transition, consistent with a B1←A1 vibronic transition analogous to that in CrO2Cl2. Ground-state rotational constants, A″=0.148, B″=0.130, and C″=0.120 cm−1, agree well with electron diffraction predictions. The B1 excited state is significantly perturbed. Evidence includes (i) a decreasing fluorescence yield with increasing J′, such that signals were not observed for J′〉3, (ii) the appearance of "extra'' lines in the spectrum, leading to perturbing levels strongly mixed with levels of the B1 state, and (iii) anomalous effective rotational constants for the B1 state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.451099
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Far infrared laser magnetic resonance detection of NH and ND (a 1Δ) (1986)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 85 (1986), S. 324-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rotational spectra of the excited a 1Δ state of NH and ND have been observed by far infrared laser magnetic resonance spectroscopy. For ND(a 1Δ) the spectroscopic constants are B0=264 750.263(30) MHz, D0=14.383 83(91) MHz, aN =109.63(22) MHz, aD =11.03(23) MHz, eqQ(N)=−4.0(15) MHz, gr=−0.000 86(10), and gL =1.000 506(17). For NH (a 1Δ), the constants are B0=493 043.182(95) MHz, D0=50.453 MHz (constrained in fit), aN =109.65(85) MHz, aH =70.9(14) MHz, eqQ(N)=−4.0 MHz (constrained in fit), gr =−0.001 58(6), and gL =1.001 03 (constrained in fit). Aspects of the electronic structure of the radical as revealed by the magnetic hyperfine constants are discussed in relation to those of chemically similar systems. The Zeeman parameters are interpreted in terms of mixing of the a 1Δ state with the c 1Π state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.451659
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the Poisson brackets of differentiable generators in classical field theory (1986)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 27 (1986), S. 489-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The canonical formulation of field theory on open spaces is considered. It is proved, under appropriate assumptions, that the Poisson bracket of two differentiable generators is also a differentiable generator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.527249
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endocrine responses of brown trout, Salmo trutta L., to acid, aluminium and lime dosing in a Welsh hill stream (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 35 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Brown trout caged in an acidic, softwater, Welsh hill stream running through close-canopy conifer forest and in an adjacent, circumneutral, moorland stream were studied after a natural rainfall event and after experimental acid and aluminium dosing of the forest stream. Endocrine (cortisol and thyroxine) and metabolic (glucose) stress responses occurred in fish held in the forest stream. Liming downstream of the acid zones mitigated these responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb03393.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cortisol and thyroid hormone responses to acid stress in the brown trout, Salmo trutta L. (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 35 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Individual cannulated brown trout monitored during exposure to acidic water showed increased plasma cortisol after 3 h at pH 4.0 with low (0.05 mm) or high (2.8 mm) calcium (Ca) content, and after 2 days in acidic water with a high Ca content. Most fish did not survive for 2 days in acidic water with a low Ca content. Non-cannulated fish showed a similar increase in mean plasma cortisol after 2 days in high-Ca acidic water (pH 4.0–4.6), but not in acidic water of a low Ca content. After 7 days of exposure to acidic water, plasma cortisol appeared to recover when there was a high Ca content but increased 20-fold when Ca content was low. In cannulated fish severe acid stress resulted in a marked and rapid thyroid response. Plasma thyroxine (T4) was elevated after 3 h exposure to acidic water of both low and high Ca content and remained elevated for 2 days of acid exposure with high Ca. In non-cannulated fish an increase in mean T4 was apparent only after 7 days in low-Ca acidic water. Plasma triiodothyronine (T3) levels were not significantly altered by any of the acid regimes. Plasma glucose of cannulated fish was elevated within 3 h of acid-exposure and remained elevated after 2 days in high-Ca acidic water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb03394.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development of feeding behaviour in the lumpfish, Cyclopterus lumpus (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 29 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This study concerned the development of feeding in larval lumpfish, Cyclopterus lumpus, and tested the hypothesis that these large, well-developed larvae would not use typical ‘larval-like’ modal action patterns (MAPs) in high frequency during early feeding. The early behavioural repertoire of larvae is unique, owing to a well-developed, ventral adhesive disk used to adhere (Cling) to available surfaces. Most early feeding MAPs were performed from the Cling position; larvae did not swim in the water column to chase and capture prey during the first three weeks post-hatch. Changes in feeding were not as predicted. The original hypothesis was refined to include a ‘state of development’ criterion as well as larval size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1986.tb05008.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of diet and experience in the development of feeding behaviour in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 28 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Two groups of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, were reared in the laboratory. One group was reared on an artificial, passive diet (frozen brine shrimp) whereas the second was reared on a natural, active diet (cultured zooplankton). Observations on the development of feeding behaviour indicated that the motor patterns and duration (number of weeks in the behavioural repertoire) of the feeding acts did not differ between fry reared on the two diets. While feeding on their respective diets, natural-diet fry performed significantly more orientations and bites, the two major early feeding acts, than did the artificial-diet fry. When tested with live fish prey, fish reared on the natural diet performed fewer orientations and strikes and captured more prey per fry than did the artificial-diet fry. Natural-diet fry had a significantly better net efficiency (captures minus strikes minus orientations) than did artificial-diet fry. Diet, experience, and length (T.L.) of fry affected their predator efficiency significantly. We argue that providing hatchery-reared bass fry with an opportunity to prey on live forage fish once or twice before their release would enhance their survival and eventual recruitment into natural populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1986.tb05154.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The feeding, growth and behaviour of juvenile cod, Gadus morhua L., in cold environments (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 35 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Most studies on feeding-related activities of fish in cold water (0° C) have not used eurythermal species or examined a broad suite of activities. In this study we report on the feeding, growth, behaviour and conversion-efficiency of 0 + Atlantic cod in response to water temperature and food availability. In one experiment, activity, opercular beat and growth decreased with decreasing temperature over the range 8·3–0·6° C. However, the conversion efficiency increased with decreasing temperature, a result partly explained by the relative change in activity and opercular rate. In another experiment, temperature had a linear effect on growth in cod fed different food rations. Both food availability and temperature were found to influence growth in group 0 + cod. The specific growth rate of cod in this experiment exceeded 2% day-1. Growth data collected from cod sampled in the field during the cold-water period showed a progressive increase of mean length over the season. Overall, these results demonstrate that 0 + cod have adapted to life in cold-water environments, in contrast to adult cod which mostly inhabit warmer environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb02989.x
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