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Shock and release wave properties of yttria-doped tetragonal and cubic zirconia (1992)

Grady, D. E. ; Mashimo, T.

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 4868-4874

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ISSN: 1089-7550

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics

Notes: Velocity interferometry diagnostics are used to monitor transmitted compressive shock and release waves in yttria (Y2O3)-stabilized tetragonal and cubic zirconia. In tetragonal zirconia compressive yielding due to lattice slip or lattice instability is observed at 13–17 GPa and again at 30–31 GPa. This represents an additional fine structure to the dynamic compression of zirconia that has not previously been observed. A correlation with initial sample density is seen for the lower-amplitude yield. A single yield over the range of the data occurs at 5–6 GPa for cubic zirconia. Approximately 4%–6% porosity in the cubic zirconia accounts for initial yield somewhat lower than earlier studies. From unloading wave profile measurements, initial release wave velocities at the Hugoniot state and stress derivatives of these data are determined. Release moduli data increase monotonically over a Hugoniot stress range of 11–45 GPa. A stress derivative of this data of K'l = 1.85 is obtained. Stress derivatives determined directly from the initial release slope of individual profiles are significantly higher and suggest deformation or phase transformation kinetics on release. Release waves from Hugoniot states of 11–13 GPa suggest formation of a rarefaction shock and may imply a dynamic stress-induced transformation not indicated by the shock profile. A tensile spall strength of 1.6 GPa was determined for the tetragonal zirconia. This high value may be related to the large fracture toughness of this transformation-toughened ceramic.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350631

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Electroretinogram as a possible monitor of anesthetic depth (1986)

Tashiro, C. ; Muranishi, R. ; Gomyo, I. ; [et al.]

Springer

Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 224 (1986), S. 473-476

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ISSN: 1435-702X

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract The effects of volatile anesthetics, i.e., methoxyflurane, halothane and enflurane, on the electroretinogram (ERG) were studied in 15 albino rabbits. The ERG was analyzed in terms of the a-wave, and the first oscillatory component (01) in the b-wave. The 01 peak latency showed a significant dose-related prolongation when anesthetic end-tidal concentrations were in excess of 0.8 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). One MAC, a measure of anesthetic potency, is the end-tidal concentration of an anesthetic at 1 atmosphere that induces immobility in 50% of animals against a noxious stimulus. The amplitudes of the a-wave and the 01 decreased in dose-dependent manners, but their changes were less striking than those of the 01 latency. The peak latency of the a-wave remained unchanged. We conclude that the 01 peak latency is a useful monitor of the depth of inhalational anesthesia.