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Influence of toxic chemicals on the chemotactic response of fish macrophages (1986)

Weeks, B. A. ; Warinner, J. E. ; Mason, P. L. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Journal of fish biology 28 (1986), S. 0

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ISSN: 1095-8649

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: The chemotactic efficiency of macrophages isolated from the kidney of spot, Leiostomus xanthurus, and hogchoker, Trinectes maculatus. was determined in fish captured from the York River and the heavily polluted Elizabeth River (Virginia). Chemotactic activity was quantified in Boyden chambers using Escherichia coli as the chemotactic stimulus. Macrophage chemc-taxis was found to be markedly reduced in the Elizabeth River fish as compared to York River controls. Chemotactic migrations of macrophages at 90 min were 55% and 33% for control and experimental spot, respectively. Values for control and experimental hogchoker were 85% and 56%, respectively. The macrophage chemotactic activity of Elizabeth River fish returned to normal (spot, 56%; hogchoker, 80%) after the fish were held in clean water for 3 weeks. This indicates that the decreased chemotactic activity was related to exposure to Elizabeth River pollutants but may be reversible.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1986.tb05200.x

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Flow over the summit of an isolated hill (1986)

Mason, P. J.

Springer

Boundary layer meteorology 37 (1986), S. 385-405

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ISSN: 1573-1472

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences , Physics

Notes: Abstract Observations of the mean flow and turbulence statistics over the summit of an isolated, roughly circular hill, Nyland hill, are presented, Nyland hill rises 70 m above the surrounding terrain and has a base diameter of about 500 m. The summit of the hill is very smooth and allows representative measurements to be made close to the surface. The flow speed 8 m above the summit is increased by a factor of 2 over the upstream speed 8 m above level terrain, and flow separation occurs in the lee of the hill. The mean velocity profile over the summit shows an increase in velocity with height up to about 2 m and then a near constant velocity between 2 and 16 m. The flow perturbation relative to the upstream profile is thus a maximum at about 2 m. The measurements of turbulence structure show how the influence of the hill depends on the length scale of the turbulent eddies involved. Scales greater than the scale of the hill are modified through the flow speed-up whilst scales shorter than the hill suffer complex changes. The short-scale turbulence over the summit is only in local equilibrium in the lowest fraction of a metre. Above this equilibrium region, there is a complex adjustment towards the rapid distortion dynamics which appear to dominate at heights above about 8 m. The detailed results are compared with previous studies and available theories.