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The effect of maternal anaemia and iron deficiency on the ratio of fetal weight to placental weight (1991)

GODFREY, K. M. ; REDMAN, C. W. G. ; BARKER, D. J. P. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

BJOG 98 (1991), S. 0

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ISSN: 1471-0528

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Objective— To examine the maternal influences which determine large placental weight and a high ratio of placental weight to birthweight. These are known predictors of adult blood pressure.Design— Retrospective analysis of routine obstetric and haematology department records for a large cohort of pregnant women.Setting— John Radeliffe Hospital, Oxford.Subjects— 8684 pregnant women who were delivered between January 1987 and January 1989 and whose records could be linked to the results of two or more pregnancy blood counts.Main outcome measures— Placental weight and the ratio of placental weight to birthweight.Results— Large placental weight was associated with a low maternal haemoglobin and a fall in maternal mean cell volume during pregnancy. The highest ratio of placental weight to birthweight occurred in the most anaemic women with the largest falls in mean cell volume. Large placental weight and a high ratio of placental weight to birthweight were also independently associated with a high maternal body mass index. Maternal smoking reduced placental weight, but increased the ratio of placental weight to birthweight.Conclusions— Anaemia and iron deficiency during pregnancy are associated with large placental weight and a high ratio of placental weight to birthweight. This points to maternal nutritional deficiency as a cause for discordance between placental and fetal growth. This may have important implications for the prevention of adult hypertension, which appears to have its origin in fetal life.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1991.tb13510.x

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Plant gene expression in effective and ineffective root nodules of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) (1987)

Lullien, V. ; Barker, D. G. ; Lajudie, P. ; [et al.]

Springer

Plant molecular biology 9 (1987), S. 469-478

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ISSN: 1573-5028

Keywords: in vitro translation ; leghemoglobin ; nodulin gene expression ; Northern analysis ; Rhizobium-alfalfa symbiosis

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Expression of plant genes involved in the symbiosis between alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Rhizobium meliloti has been studied by comparing root and root nodule mRNA populations. Two-dimensional gel electrophoretic separation of the in vitro translation products of polyA+ RNA isolated from either roots or effective root nodules has allowed us to identify thirteen nodule-specific translation products, including those corresponding to the leghemoglobins (Lb). These translation products, representing putative nodulin mRNAs, are first detected between 9 and 12 days after inoculation, a result which has been confirmed for Lb mRNA by Northern blotting and hybridization with a Lb cDNA probe. Analysis of three different types of ineffective root nodules arrested in different stages of development has led to the following conclusions. (i) The transcription of eleven nodule-specific genes, including the Lb genes, is independent of nitrogen-fixing activity. (ii) Differentiation of the primary nodule structure does not require the transcription of any of these genes but can be correlated with a dramatic reduction in the level of at least five transcripts present in the root. (iii) There is enhanced expression of certain plant genes in the case of nodules elicited by an Agrobacterium strain carrying the symbiotic plasmid of R. meliloti.