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  • 1985-1989  (8)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1940-1944
  • 1987  (8)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 773-780 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Streptococci ; Septicemia ; Acute leukemia ; High dose cytosine arabinoside
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-nine adult patients with acute myelogenous leukemia AML who received 40 treatment courses with high dose cytosine arabinoside (HD-A), alone or combined with other cytotoxic drugs, for remission induction (RI) or postremission intensive consolidation (IC) were retrospectively analysed for types and severity of infectious complications. In this paper, we report the unusually high rate of streptococcal septicemia in our patients. Of 13 bacteremic infections in a total of 45 infectious episodes, 10 were caused by streptococci (9 viridans streptococci, 1 group B hemolytic streptococcus). Three of them were lethal. After reviewing all documented cases of streptococcal septicemia in the same study period, four additional cases among adult patients with AML were identified. Three of them have had antileukemic chemotherapy without HD-A, while one have had HD-A as a conditioning regimen for bone marrow transplantation. Only three cases were documented to occur in adult patients with AML. Patients treated with HD-A for RI or IC had a significantly lower risk of streptococcal septicemia during previous chemotherapy-associated febrile neutropenic episodes (1/55 vs 10/45;P=0.01). Neither prophylactic regimens including trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole nor those without it were effective in preventing streptococcal septicemia. Further studies are needed to confirm these data before the value of additional or alternative prophylactic antibiotics is proven necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 6 (1987), S. 670-673 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two cases of bacteremic infection due to aerococci in granulocytopenic patients with acute leukemia and oral mucositis are described. Strains isolated from blood cultures of both patients were resistant to the antibiotics given orally for prophylaxis. One patient died in septic shock; surveillance cultures from oral washings in the other repeatedly showed high concentrations of aerococci. Aerococci were also isolated from surveillance cultures taken from 5 of 17 other patients with acute leukemia; however, their viable counts were lower than in the surviving patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 225 (1987), S. 346-350 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eight “chinchilla bastard” pigmented rabbits were treated intravenously with sonicated phospholipid liposomes (SUV) consisting predominantly of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (PC). Four rabbits were treated with canthaxanthin incorporated into PC liposomes in a single injection and fractionated over a period of 19 days. The total amount of PC used was a single dose of 260 mg administered as a 50-ml suspension and 13.7 mg/fraction given as a 5-ml suspension. The total amount of canthaxanthin used was a single 40 mg as a 50-ml suspension and 2.1 mg/fraction as 5-ml suspension. Electroretinography showed that canthaxanthin produced a depression of thea-waves and prolongation of the scotopica- andb-wave peak latencies. A single high-dose injection of PC and PC plus canthaxanthin resulted in a transitory reduction in ERG amplitudes. A single injection of PC and canthaxanthin also produced hypernormala-waves within the recovery time. Electron microscopy demonstrated that in contrast to the controls (PC), the canthaxanthin-treated rabbits showed alterations in the RPE/photoreceptor complex, indicating that these layers are the primary site of canthaxanthin effects on the retina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 225 (1987), S. 198-205 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract β-Carotene, canthaxanthin, and β-carotene plus canthaxanthin were administered to “chinchilla bastard” pigmented rabbits in their rabbit diet (approximately 200 ppm carotenoid per group). The effect of the carotenoids on retinal function and morphology was tested against a control group in the course of 11 months. Electroretinography showed that in contrast to the control animals, β-carotene-treated rabbits produced increasing peak latencies of the scotopicb-waves. In the canthaxanthin-treated rabbits,a- andb-waves showed hypernormal amplitudes at low cumulative dosages (approximately 0.5–2 g) and reduced amplitudes at higher dosages (about 5 g). The peak latencies of the scotopica- andb-waves increased remarkably. This effect was still stronger in the carotenoid combination. Histology and electron microscopy indicated that in contrast to the control animals, canthaxanthin-treated rabbits showed a reduction in retinal thickness in some samples. In particular, they exhibited alterations in the granular layers and a marked diminuation of the photoreceptor outer segments and morphological alterations of the photoreceptor inner segments with massive deposition of electron-dense material. In all animals treated with carotenoids, lipid droplets of the retinal pigment epithelium were enlarged in size and number.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Parasitological serodiagnosis ; Specificity ; Autoimmune disorders ; Neoplasms ; HIV infection ; AIDS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sera from 120 patients with rheumatological disorders, neoplastic disease, infectious mononucleosis, and HIV infection, and from 30 healthy blood donors were tested for nonspecific reactivity in 13 routinely used parasite serological tests. Responses were detected in 3/30 healthy blood donors (10%) vs 25/120 patients (21%). Of 40 responses in these 28 responders most were weakly reactive, and 25 out of 40 responses were only at borderline level. Response rates were highest in patients with mononucleosis presumably due to heterophile antibodies. Only four patients had responses in at least two different serodiagnostic tests for the same parasitic infection. Response patterns indicative of a possible underlying, concurring, or superimposed parasitic infection, thus, were rare. Especially susceptible to nonspecific reactivity seemed to be immunofluorescent antibody tests for filariasis, schistosomiasis, and amebiasis. In conclusion, compared to healthy controls, false-positive serological responses seem to be more frequent in certain disease groups dependent on the test methods used. Second, the use of more than one serodiagnostic test for the same parasitic disease will substantially facilitate the identification of nonspecific reactivity. Third, for better defining the specificity of parasitological serodiagnosis, more studies should include control sera from patients with nonparasitic diseases that frequently show immunological abnormalities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 15 (1987), S. 427-432 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Wert einer Behandlung mit Ofloxacin (2 × 200 mg täglich) für die sogenannte selektive Dekontamination und Infektionsprophylaxe bei Granulozytopenie wurde bei 40 Patienten mit akuter Leukämie, akuter Phase einer CML, Haarzell-Leukämie oder schwerer aplastischer Anämie untersucht. Es kam zu einer akzeptablen Qualität der selektiven Dekontamination mit Elimination von Enterobacteriaceae in der Darmflora und einer nur geringen Verringerung in der Anaerobier-Konzentration im Stuhl. Die Auswertung von 672 Überwachungskulturen aus Rachenspülung, Stuhl und Urin zeigte eine kleine Zahl von neu entdeckten transienten (zwölf Isolate bei sieben Patienten) oder kolonisierenden (sechs Stämme mit 28 Isolaten bei vier Patienten) aeroben gramnegativen Bakterien und vonStaphylococcus aureus (ein Isolat). Zwei von drei Patienten mit Nachweis von kolonisierenden Ofloxacin-resistentenPseudomonas aeruginosa entwickelten Pseudomonas-Infektionen. Insgesamt wurden zwölf erworbene Infektionen beobachtet, davon sechs mikrobiologisch dokumentierte Infektionen, die alle durch Ofloxacin-resistente Erreger hervorgerufen wurden (zweiP. aeruginosa, zweiStaphylococcus epidermidis, einAerococcus viridans, einMicrococcus sp.). Die Verträglichkeit der Behandlung war gut. Schwere Nebenwirkungen traten nicht auf. Die gemessenen Konzentrationen von Ofloxacin in Serum und Speichel waren vergleichbar zwischen Patienten und gesunden Kontrollen. Sie waren im Speichel höher als im Serum. Ofloxacin sollte zur Prophylaxe bakterieller Infektionen bei Granulozytopenie als eine mögliche geeignete Alternative zu Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazol weiter untersucht werden. Das Risiko einer Koloniserung durch Ofloxacin-resistente Pseudomonaden muß dabei beachtet werden.
    Notes: Summary We studied the potential value of oral ofloxacin (200 mg twice daily) for selective decontamination and infection prevention in 40 granulocytopenic patients with acute leukemia, blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia, hairy cell leukemia or severe aplastic anemia. The quality of selective decontamination was acceptable with rapid elimination of Enterobacteriaceae from the alimentary tract, only a slight decrease in concentrations of anaerobes in faeces, and a small number of newly acquired transient (twelve isolates in seven patients) or colonizing (six strains with 28 isolates in four patients) aerobic gram-negative rods andStaphylococcus aureus (one isolate) recovered from 672 surveillance cultures from faeces, oral washings and urine. Two of three patients colonized with ofloxacin-resistantPseudomonas aeruginosa strains developed Pseudomonas infections. A total of twelve acquired infections was observed. Six were microbiologically documented infections, all caused by ofloacin-resistant bacteria (twoP. aeruginosa, twoStaphylococcus epidermidis, oneAerococcus viridans, oneMicrococcus sp.). Tolerance was acceptable with no serious side effects observed. Mean drug concentrations in serum and saliva were comparable to those determined in healthy volunteers and were found to be higher in saliva than in serum. We conclude that ofloxacin may be studied as an effective alternative to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for selective decontamination and infection prevention in severely granulocytopenic patients. Careful monitoring of colonizingPseudomonas spp. with decreased ofloxacin sensitivity, however, seems necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1160 Stuhlproben von 160 abwehrgeschwächten Patienten, von 70 Erwachsenen und 180 Kindern mit akuter Diarrhoe und von 60 erwachsenen Kontrollpersonen ohne Diarrhoe und Immundefekt wurden auf Kryptosporidien untersucht. Nur zwei aus der Gruppe symptomatischer Kinder ohne Immundefekt (1,1%) hatten einen positiven Befund (ein Kind mit Kontakt zu einer streunenden Katze und zu Lämmern, das andere ohne bekannte Exposition), dagegen keiner der Erwachsenen mit und ohne Diarrhoe und keiner der abwehrgeschwächten Patienten. Andere, potentiell pathogene Protozoen bei Immundefizienten wurden lediglich bei sieben von 25 HIV-Infizierten nachgewiesen. Wir schließen daraus, daß die Kryptosporidiose im süddeutschen Raum auch bei Kindern eine sehr seltene sporadische Erkrankung ist. Sie sollte jedoch in der Differentialdiagnose der akuten Diarrhoe berücksichtigt werden.
    Notes: Summary 1160 stool specimens, from 160 severely immunocompromised patients, from 70 adults and 180 children with acute diarrhoea and from 60 controls without diarrhoea and without evidence of immunocompromising underlying disorders, were examined for Cryptosporidium excretion. Only two children (1.1%) (one with previous contact to a straying cat and to lambs, the other without known risk) had documented intestinal cryptosporidiosis, whereas none of the symptomatic adults, immunocompromised patients or controls were found to be positive for Cryptosporidium fecal excretion. Other potential protozoal enteric pathogens among immunocompromised patients were only found in seven of 25 patients with HIV infection. We conclude that sporadic intestinal cryptosporidiosis in Southern Germany is a rare disease in humans even of younger age, but should be included in the differential diagnosis of diarrhoea in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 15 (1987), S. 433-433 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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