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  • 1985-1989  (4)
  • 1988  (4)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (3)
  • BALB/cJ mice
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fixed-ratio schedules of oral ethanol self-administration in inbred mouse strains (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 96 (1988), S. 431-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol self-administration ; Operant behavior ; C57BL/6J mice ; BALB/cJ mice ; Fixed-ratio schedules ; Behavior genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies of ethanol reinforcement in BALB/cJ and C57BL/6J mice have shown that over a range of concentrations oral ethanol appeared to serve as a reinforcer only for the C57BL/6J mice. In the previous studies BALB/cJ mice maintained rates of responding for ethanol that only slightly exceeded the rates maintained by the vehicle, water. However, the quantity of ethanol consumed with the continuous reinforcement schedule (fixed ratio one) may have led to pharmacologically significant effects, given the high sensitivity to ethanol of this genotype. The present study tested whether and to what extent ethanol would maintain responding under increasing fixed ratio size in these two strains of mice at ethanol concentrations of 0%, 8%, and 16% (w/v). For the C57BL/6J mice, as fixed-ratio size increased from 1 to 2, 4, and 8, there were almost directly proportional increases in response rate at ethanol concentrations of 8% and 16% (w/v), but not at 0%. Post-session blood ethanol levels confirmed intake of pharmacologically significant quantities. The volume consumed per unit of body weight decreased as fixed-ratio size increased. For the BALB/cJ mice, at no condition did ethanol maintain responding at levels that significantly exceeded vehicle maintained responding. BALB/cJ mice did not differ from C57BL/6J mice as fixed-ratio size was increased during vehicle conditions. These results, along with earlier findings, demonstrate that ethanol can serve as a reinforcer for C57BL/6J mice but not in BALB/cJ mice over a range of schedule conditions. They further support the conclusion that genotype is an important determinant of ethanol reinforced behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02180019
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue-specific analogues of erythrocyte protein 4.1 retain functional domains (1988)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 37 (1988), S. 269-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: membrane skeleton ; nonerythroid protein 4.1 homologues immunoreative isoforms ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Analogues of the human erythroid membrane skeletal component protein 4.1 have been identified in perfused rat tissues and human T and B lymphocyte cell lines, olyclonal antibodies were used which are specific for all domains of protein 4.1, the spectrin-actin-promoting 8-Kd peptide, the membrane-binding 30-Kd domain, and the 50-Kd domain. Antibody reactivity, by Western blotting of tissue homogenates, shows reactivity with proteins varying in molecular weight from 175 Kd to 30 Kd. Further, these protein 4.1 analogues appear to be expressed in a tissue-specific fashion. Of the analogues detected there appear to be at least three classes: analogues containing all erythroid protein 4.1 domains, analogues containing all domains but with modified antigenic epitopes, and analogues containing only some domains. Chemical cleavage at cysteine linkages indicates that in analogues containing the 30-Kd region the location of cysteine is highly conserved. This datum suggests that in nonerythroid 4.1 isoforms of higher molecular weight the additional protein mass is added to the amino terminal end (30 Kd end).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240370303
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nerve pathways between the pterygopalatine ganglion and eye in cats (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 222 (1988), S. 95-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: By dissection of thiocholine-stained orbital preparations, it has been determined that three different nerve pathways link the pterygopalatine ganglion and the eye in cats. (1) Nerves from the proximal half of the ganglion join a plexus of nerves and ganglion cells in the rete mirabile of the maxillary artery. Branches of the internal carotid nerve also supply this plexus. Fine nerves from the plexus travel to the optic nerve and then to the eye, accompanying both the nasociliary nerve that passes through the rete and the ciliary arteries that arise from the rete. (2) One or more nerves from the nerve of the pterygoid canal and from a prominent accessory ganglion near the orbital apex course to the inferior optic nerve surface at the optic foramen; these then run distally along the optic nerve to fuse with ciliary nerves or to accompany ciliary arteries entering the eye. (3) Other nerves from the pterygopalatine ganglion travel medially around the extraocular muscle cone to join the ethmoidal and infratrochlear branches of the nasociliary nerve; some nerves from the ganglion then take a retrograde course to the optic nerve, where they join ciliary nerves or arteries to the eye. All three pathways may transmit sympathetic, parasympathetic and somatic sensory nerve fibers.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092220114
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Principles of antibody catalysis (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 9 (1988), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Antibodies have now been shown to catalyze a variety of chemical transformations, including hydrolytic, concerted, and bimolecular reactions. The inherent chirality of the antibody binding pocket has been exploited to exert precise stereochemical control over their catalyzed reactions. The mechanisms by which antibodies catalyze reactions are not expected to differ in any general way from those of natural enzymes. Antibodies use their binding energy to stabilize species of higher free energy which appear along the reaction coordinate or effect general acid/base catalysis. The advent of catalytic antibodies promises new catalysts that extend the range of catalysis by proteins to chemical transformations that were not required during the evolution of enzymes.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950090402
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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