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  • 1985-1989  (3)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1989  (3)
  • ANP receptors  (1)
  • Electrochemical oxidation  (1)
  • liposome  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemical oxidation of adsorbed alkenoic acids as a function of chain length at Pt(111) electrodes. Studies by cyclic voltammetry, EELS and Auger spectroscopy (1989)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 3 (1989), S. 275-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: Electrochemical oxidation ; alkenoic acids on platinum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Studies of the electrochemical oxidation of a series of straight-chain terminal alkenoic acids adsorbed at a Pt(111) electrode surface are reported. Compounds adsorbed were: propenoic acid (acrylic acid, PPA); 3-butenoic acid (vinylacetic acid, 3BTA); 4-pentenoic acid (allylacetic acid, 4PTA); 6-heptenoic acid (6HPA); and 10-undecenoic acid (10UDA). Vibrational spectra of adsorbed layers were obtained by use of electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). Molecular packing densities were measured by use of Auger spectroscopy. Electrochemical oxidation of each adsorbed layer was explored by means of cyclic voltammetry in aqueous inert electrolyte (KF/HF). As the analogous aliphatic acids are not chemisorbed at Pt under the same conditions, the alkenoic acids evidently adsorb at Pt(111) predominantly through the C=C double bond. Molecular packing densities indicate that the carboxylic acid moiety is in contact with the Pt surface only in the case of PPA. EELS spectra also indicate that the carboxylate groups (other than in PPA) are present as pendants. The carboxylic acid O-H stretching bands of most of the adsorbed acids are red-shifted and broadened, evidently due to extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonding; the exceptions are PPA, for which the interaction is primarily with the Pt surface, and 3BTA, for which intermolecular interaction between the carboxylic acid pendants is apparently prevented by steric considerations. The surface-attached carboxylic acid moieties react with KOH solution, leading to retention of K+ ions, detected by Auger spectroscopy, and to changes in the vibrational spectra indicative of carboxylate anions; reactivity toward KOH decreases with chain length. Adsorbed alkenoic acids at Pt(111) surfaces are stable in water and in vacuum. Oxidation of the adsorbed short-chain acids PPA and 3BTA proceeds to completion, forming CO2 as the principal product. Oxidation of the adsorbed long-chain acids converts the C=C moiety to 2CO2, and transforms the remainder of the molecule to an unadsorbed diacid (likely possibilities are malonic acid from 4PTA; glutaric acid from 6HPA; and heptane-1,7-dioic acid from 10UDA).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00766066
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of particulate guanylate cyclase in cells with and without atrial natriuretic peptide receptor binding activity (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 90 (1989), S. 19-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: particulate guanylate cyclase ; ANP receptors ; rat lung ; PK1 cells ; physical characteristics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A line of kidney cells (PK,) which does not possess measurable ANP binding but has an active particulate guanylate cyclase has been identified. The physical characteristics of this enzyme were compared with those of particulate guanylate cyclase and ANP receptors isolated from rat lung. Although receptor and enzyme appear to reside on the same protein in the lung while the cyclase from PK1 cells does not possess ANP binding activity, these proteins exhibit identical physical characteristics. Guanylate cyclase from PK1 cells and rat lung and ANP receptor from lung co-eluted during gel filtration chromatography, with a Stokes radius of 6.1 nm. Also, these activities co-migrated through sucrose density gradients with S20,w values of 10.4 to 10.9. Using these parameters, a molecular weight of about 270 kD was estimated for all three activities. Furthermore, these enzyme activities exhibited similar mobilities in isoelectric focusing gels, with a pI of 6.1. Thus, although particulate guanylate cyclase from lung presumably possesses receptor binding activity, it is physically identical to a form of this enzyme associated with no measurable binding activity. Possible explanations for these observations are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225217
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liposomal Formulation Eliminates Acute Toxicity and Pump Incompatibility of Parenteral Cyclosporine (1989)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 6 (1989), S. 601-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: liposome ; cyclosporine ; acute toxicity ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The currently available intravenous dosage form of cyclosporine (CSA), Sandimmune I.V., contains the vehicle, Cremophor EL, which has been implicated in producing anaphylactic reactions in man and animals. This formulation also leaches through silicone tubing, an important component of some automatic drug delivery devices, causing pump dysfunction. In an attempt to develop a less toxic and pump-compatible formulation of CSA, suitable for intrarenal infusion in a canine transplant model, we compared the acute toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and pump compatibility of emulsified (CSA/emulsion) and liposomal (CSA/liposomes) CSA preparations with those of Sandimmune I.V. and CSA dissolved in ethanol vehicle (CSA/alcohol) in healthy, unoperated dogs. Animals receiving Sandimmune I.V. demonstrated marked acute toxicity despite progressive 10-fold dose reduction and 〉50-fold prolongation of infusion duration. One of two animals receiving CSA/emulsion and both dogs receiving emulsion vehicle alone exhibited a moderately severe reaction, while five of seven dogs receiving CSA/alcohol demonstrated immediate, mild reactions. No discernible adverse reactions occurred in any animal receiving CSA/liposomes. Systemic disposition of CSA/alcohol and CSA/liposomes was similar. In contrast to the liposomal vehicle, the emulsion vehicle produced a marked, early weight gain and substantial decrease in tensile strength of the pump tubing, both of which would adversely affect pump function. These results provide the first description of liposomal CSA toxicology and pharmacokinetics in a large animal model and may lead to the successful development of a less toxic parenteral CSA formulation for systemic and local pump-based administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015905615404
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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