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  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1990  (5)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1042-7163
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The iminophosphane, tBu2P—P=N—NR2 (R=SiMe3), produced by base-catalyzed elimination of ClSiMe3 from the corresponding phosphane, possesses an unusually long PN bond (162 pm), which is in accord with quantum chemical calculations.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion resistance of austenitic and ferritic stainless alloys in 20 to 75% nitric acid as a function of temperature and concentrationA series of stainless austenitic and ferritic materials was exposed for 100 days to boiling nitric acid which contained no corrosion products; the corrosion rates and depths of the grain boundary attack were observed.Provided the structure is precipitation-free, the following are suitable for long-term exposure; the austenitic steels X 2 CrNi 1912, X1 CrNi 25 21, X1 CrNiMoN 25 222 and X1 NiCrMoCu31274, the practically Mo-free and Cu-free development steel X1 NiCr31 27, and the highly Mo-alloyed variant X1 NiCrMoCu 31275. In the case of alloy NiCr21 Mo it is advisable to limit the concentration and/or the temperature of the nitric acid. The “superferrite” X1CrNiMoNb2842, the Japanese steel X1 CrNiNb 30 2 and the austenitic steels X2 CrNiMoN 1713 3 and X1 CrNiMoN 25 22 2 in the version with high nickel content are unsuitable.Thus, as an alloying element, molybdenum does not always impair the resistance of stainless steels to nitric acid.The decisive factor affecting the corrosion rates is the chromium content of the material.The temperature-dependent function of the corrosion in azeotropic nitric acid conforms to Arrhenius relations. The concentration-dependent function of the corrosion in 20 to 75 (80)% nitric acid can be described by a hyperbolic equation. An exception is formed by X1 CrNiSi 1815; here the corrosion rate increases with the concentration of the acid until the azeotropic point is reached; then, owing to the formation of a surface film, it falls until the acid becomes highly concentrated.
    Notes: Eine Reihe nichtrostender austenitischer und ferritischer Werk-stoffe wurde 100 d lang in siedender, korrosionsproduktfreier Salpetersäure beansprucht; hierbei wurden Abtragungsraten und Tiefen des Korngrenzenangriffs verfolgt.Für Langzeitbeanspruchung sind, ein ausscheidungsfreies Gefüge vorausgesetzt, geeignet: die austenitischen Stähle X 2 CrNi 1911,X1 CrNi 25 21,X1 CrNiMoN 25 222,X1 NiCrMoCu 3127 4 sowie die praktisch molybdän- und kupferfreie Entwicklungsgüte X1 NiCr3127 und die hochmolybdänlegierte Variante X1NiCrMoCu31275. Bei der Legierung NiCr21Mo empfiehlt sich eine Begrenzung der Salpetersäure-Konzentration und/oder der Temperatur. Nicht geeignet sind der “Superferrit” X1 CrNiMoNb2842, die japanische Sorte X1CrNiNb302 sowie die austenitischen Stähle X 2 CrNiMoN 1713 3 und X1 CrNiMoN 25 22 2 in der hochnickelhaltigen Version.Das Legierungselement Molybdän wirkt sich somit nicht in allen Fällen schädlich auf die Salpetersäureständigkeit nichtrostender Qualitäten aus.Entscheidend für die Höhe der Abtragungsraten ist die Höhe des Chrom-Gehaltes des Werkstoffes.Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Korrosion in azeotroper Salpetersäure folgt Arrhenius-Beziehungen. Die Konzentrationsabhängigkeit der Korrosion in 20 bis 75 (80)%iger Salpetersäure läßt sich durch einen Hyperbel-Ansatz beschreiben; eine Ausnahme bildet X1 CrNiSi 18 15: mit zunehmender Säurekonzentration steigt die Abtragungsrate bis zum Azeotrop-Punkt an und fällt dann bis zur hochkonzentrierten Säure infolge Deckschichtbildung ab.
    Additional Material: 30 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 41 (1990), S. 308-329 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion of aluminium and aluminium alloys in nitric acidA literature survey was made to show the suitability of aluminium and aluminium alloys in contact with highly concentrated nitric acid, particularly with regard to the corrosion behaviour of weld joints made using various welding processes.The corrosion resistance of Al99.5 in nitric acid was investigated as functions of temperature and acid concentrations. The linear corrosion rates are plotted in an Arrhenius diagram. Decreasing nitric acid concentrations are causing a parallel shift of the lines in the Arrhenius diagram towards higher corrosion rates.Starting with A199.5, the corrosion rates in nitric acid at and above 99.8 concentration decrease as the A1 contents of the materials increase. Doping with copper should be avoided.After exposure of wrought as well as continuously cast A1 and A1 alloys to highly concentrated technical grade nitric acid at 30 °C (1 year test period), the corrosion behaviour of a number of alloys was comparable to that of pure aluminium grades.
    Notes: Auswertung des Schrifttums über die Eignung von Aluminium-Werkstoffen zur Handhabung von hochkonzentrierter Salpetersäure, vornehmlich im Hinblick auf das Korrosionsverhalten von nach unterschiedlichen Verfahren hergestellten Schweißverbindungen.Untersuchungen zur Temperatur- und Konzentrationsabhängigkeit der Korrosion von Al99,5 in Salpetersäuren. Die linearen Abtragungsraten ordnen sich in ein Arrhenius-Diagramm ein, wobei abnehmende Salpetersäure-Konzentrationen eine Parallel-Verschiebung der Geraden im Arrhenius-Diagramm in Richtung höherer Abtragungsraten bewirken.Ausgehend von Al99,5 verringern sich die Abtragungsraten in ≥ 99,8%iger Salpetersäure mit zunehmendem Al-Gehalt der Werkstoffe; Kupfer-Dotierungen sind zu vermeiden.Nach der Auslagerung von Al-Werkstoffen (Knetwerkstoffe und Strangguß) in technischer, auf 30°C erwärmter hochkonzentrierter Salpetersäure zeigten (Prüfdauer: 1 Jahr) eine Reihe von Legierungen ein den Reinaluminium-Sorten vergleichbares Korrosionsverhalten.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 971-973 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Calculations ; Jahn-Teller distortion ; Nitrenium ; Phosphenium ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio calculations at SCF, MCSCF, and ACPF level were performed on a series of the phosphenium- and nitreniumcation family. These show that they possess an allylic π-system with 4 electrons, which is distorted from planarity when the terminal groups of the allylic system are PR2 (R — H) fragments. The distortion is such as to adopt C2 symmetry, and is the consequence of Jahn-Teller distortion via mixing of the energy highest π2 orbital with an energetically low lying δ* orbital. The latter interaction is only operative if a symmetry breaking from C2v to C2 symmetry occurs. The importance of Jahn-Teller distortion on the biradical character in these systems is investigated by correlation calculations.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 1653-1654 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Iminophosphines ; s̰-Push-pull substitution ; Nitrogen inversion ; cis/trans Isomerization ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A combination of α-electron-withdrawing/-releasing substituents (push-pull substitution) at iminophosphanes considerably lengthen (shorten) the central PN bond as revealed by ab initio calculations on model geometries; they also stress the importance of the energy barrier to inversion at nitrogen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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