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  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (12)
  • 1930-1934
  • 1992  (12)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 4 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The development of oligodendrocytes from their precursor cells can be studied in vitro by using a culture system in which cells can be identified at different developmental stages. We used this culture system to compare the effect of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) using fura-2 fluorescence systems. Application of GABA evoked transient [Ca2+]i increases in precursor cells. In contrast, [Ca2+]i levels were not affected in oligodendrocytes, which were identified by their positive labelling with the antibody O1. The precursor cells, identified by a lack of O1 staining, responded to GABA in the concentration range between 10−6 and 10−4 M. Since muscimol mimicked and bicuculline as well as picrotoxin blocked the GABA response, we conclude that the response is mediated by activation of GABAA receptors. The involvement of Ca2+ channels is inferred from the observation that the [Ca2+]i changes could be blocked by nifedipine or by omitting Ca2+ from the bath solution. Both GABAA receptors and Ca2+ channels have been previously identified on these precursor cells with the aid of the patch-clamp technique. We thus propose the following mechanism to explain our observations: the Cl− efflux via the GABA receptor depolarizes precursor cells, and this depolarization leads to activation of Ca2+ channels, resulting in an influx of Ca2+ and the observed rise in cytosolic [Ca2+]. Although its physiological importance is speculative, this event could serve as a signal from GABAergic neurons to glial precursor cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Cambridge University Press
    Victorian literature and culture 20 (1992), S. 99-116 
    ISSN: 1060-1503
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: English, American Studies , History
    Notes: By the early years of the nineteenth century, Iceland, once linked to the economy of England, had become a land of mystery to the British imagination. The Danish monopoly on trade had turned Iceland into a backwater; its people, formerly the ravagers of Europe, were unable to defend themselves against pirates.1 In the course of the eighteenth century, smallpox, volcanic eruption, and famine brought the country to the low point in its history.2 Its population shrank to 38,400; its two bishoprics were reduced to one; its legislative assembly, long shorn of power, was abolished altogether.3 As the other nations of Europe began to assume their modem shape, Iceland regressed to the status of a third-rate colony.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Using the ARGUS detector at thee + e − storage ring DORIS II at DESY, we have studiedB meson decays into baryonsp and Λ. From the simultaneous analysis ofp and Λ yields,p $$\bar p$$ and Λ $$\bar p$$ correlations, and various lepton-baryon and lepton-baryon-antibaryon correlations the inclusive branching ratio is found to be BR (B→baryons)=(6.8±0.5±0.3)%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An analysis of the decay τ-→π-π0 v τ has been performed using the ARGUS detector at the DORIS II storage ring. The branching ratio has been determined to be Br(τ-→π-π0 v τ=(22.6±0.4±0.9)%. The shape of the π-π0 invariant mass spectrum is found to be in good agreement with the predictions obtained using the conserved vector current (CVC) hypothesis, suggesting that the π-π0 system is produced in aJ P=1− state. An analysis of the measured decay angular distribution of the pions with respect to the flight direction of the π-π0 system demonstrates the vector nature of the coupling at the τv τ vertex. With the assumption of zerov τ mass thev τ spin has been shown to be $$J_{v_\tau } = \tfrac{1}{2} $$ .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 64 (1992), S. 22-27 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Ferritin ; Hemoglobin ; Iron metabolism ; Women
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Iron status, including serum (S-)ferritin and hemoglobin (Hb), was assessed in a population survey comprising 1359 nonpregnant Danish women in age cohorts of 30, 40, 50, and 60 years. S-ferritin levels were similar in 30- and 40-year-old women; they displayed a significant increase in 50-year-old women and a further significant increase in 60-year-old women. In the 30- and 40-year-old women, median S-ferritin was 38μg/l, 5–95 percentile 6–135μg/l; 17.2% had values 〈 15,μg/l (i.e., depleted iron stores), 22.7% values from 15 to 30μg/l (i.e., small iron stores), and 60.1% values 〉 30μg/l (i.e., replete iron stores). In the 50-year-old women, median S-ferritin was 54μg/l, 5–95 percentile 10–164μg/l; 10.3% had values 〈 15μg/l, 16.5% values from 15 to 30μg/l, and 73.2% values 〉 30μg/l. For the 60-year-old women, median S-ferritin was 84μg/l, 5–95 percentile 25–249μg/l; 1.6% had values 〈 15μg/l, 8.6% values from 15 to 30μg/l, and 89.8% values 〉 30μg/l. Blood donors (n=180) had lower S-ferritin than nondonors in all age-groups (p〈0.001). In the entire series, Hb levels were similar in 30- and 40-year-old women, median 137 g/l (8.5 mmol/l), 5–95 percentile 121–152 g/1 (7.5–9.4 mmol/l), and higher in 50- and 60-year-old women, median 140 g/l (8.7 mmol/l), 5–95 percentile 123-158 g/l (7.6–9.8 mmol/l) (p〈0.0001). Hb values 〈 121 g/l (7.5 mmol/l) were observed in 3.8% of the women. Women with S-ferritin 〈 15 μg/l (n=161) had lower Hb, median 134 g/l (8.3 mmol/l), than those with S-ferritin 〉 15 μg/l, median 139 g/l (8.6 mmol/l) (p〈0.001). Iron deficiency anemia (S-ferritin 〈 15 μg/l and Hb 〈 121 g/l) was seen in 2.3% of 30- and 40-year-old women, and in 1.1% of 50- and 60-year-old women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Contraceptives, oral ; Estrogen replacement therapy ; Ferritin ; Hemoglobin ; Iron metabolism ; Menopause ; Parity ; Women
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Iron status was assessed by measuring serum (S-) ferritin and hemoglobin (Hb) in a population survey comprising 1359 nonpregnant Danish women, in age cohorts of 30,40, 50, and 60 years; 809 were premenopausal and 550 postmenopausal. Median age for menarche was 14 years, for menopause (artificial and natural) 48 years. Premenopausal women had lower S-ferritin (median 37Μg/l) than postmenopausal women (median 71Μg/l;p〈0.0001). Of the premenopausal women, 17.7% had S-ferritin 〈 15Μg/l (i.e., depleted iron stores), and 23.1% S-ferritin of 15–30Μg/l (i.e., small iron stores). Corresponding figures in postmenopausal women were 3.3% and 10.3%. Hb values in premenopausal women were mean 137±10 (SD) g/l (8.5±0.6 mmol/l) vs. 140±10 g/l (8.7±0.6 mmol/l) in postmenopausal women (p〈0.0001); 4.1% of pre- and 3.3% of postmenopausal women had values 〈 121 g/l (7.5 mmol/l). Iron deficiency anemia (i.e., S-ferritin 〈 15Μg/l and Hb 〈 121 g/l) was found in 2.6% of pre- and 0.36% of postmenopausal women. Premenopausal multipara had lower S-ferritin than nulli- and unipara (p〈0.04). The use of oral contraceptives had a marked influence on iron stores; premenopausal women taking the pill had higher S-ferritin and a lower frequency of depleted iron reserves than nonusers (p〈0.01). Postmenopausal estrogen treatment had no influence on S-ferritin or Hb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Nociceptor ; Bradykinin ; Serotonin ; Substance P ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A broad mixture of inflammatory mediators (“inflammatory soup”) was used to investigate the responsiveness of primary afferents from rat hairy skin in an in vitro skin-saphenous nerve preparation. In addition, a conditioning effect of the tachykinin substance P on chemosensitivity of nociceptors was examined. Inflammatory soup (IS) was made up in synthetic interstitial fluid from bradykinin, serotonin, histamin and prostaglandin E2 (all 10-5 M). In addition, the potassium and the hydrogen ion concentration (7 mM, pH 7.0) and the temperature (39.5°C) were elevated. The latter agents, in a control solution, did not excite nociceptors (n = 5). IS was repeatedly superfused over the receptive fields for 5 min at 10 min intervals; substance P (SP 10-6 and 10-5 M) was applied during the last 5 min of the interval and during the subsequent IS stimulation. IS excited more than 80% of the mechano-heat sensitive (“polymodal”) afferents with slowly conducting nerve fibres (n = 72), but none of the low-threshold mechanoreceptive slow and fast conducting units (n = 17). Slow conducting afferents with high mechanical threshold (n = 35) were weakly, and less frequently (〈20%), driven by IS. A majority, but not all, of the responsive units showed tachyphylaxis upon repeated IS application. None, however, lost its responsiveness completely. Conditioning heat stimulation (32–46.5°C in 20 s) did not enhance the subsequent IS response, which may indicate that sensitizing substances normally released by a noxious heat stimulus were already contained in IS. No sensitization to mechanical (von Frey) or heat stimulation could be established in the period after the IS response had subsided and after the washout was completed, respectively. A short-lived sensitization may have been overlooked under these temporal restrictions. Conditioning SP in 10-5 M but not in 10-6 M concentration significantly increased the IS response of polymodal C fibres, by 58% on average (n = 14). SP did not excite the units. Comparing with previous data, we conclude that there is a significant synergism between inflammatory mediators, acting to induce more intense and more sustained discharge via many nociceptors than single mediators alone could achieve. Conditioning substance P can further enhance this algogenic action. Mechanisms of interaction and relative contributions of single substances remain to be elucidated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Fast perfusion system ; Multi-channel pipette ; Calcium ; Fura-2 fluorescence measurements ; Upright microscope ; Slice ; Substance P
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A perfusion system was constructed which allows the fast application of different solutes underneath a water immersion objective. The perfusion system is mounted into the immersion objective by milling a slot into the frontal metal plate of the lens holder. It consists of a five-channel pipette fixed to the objective and solution reservoirs gated by computer controlled magnetic valves. Up to five different solutions can be applied to the specimen under study. The solution between objective and specimen is completely exchanged after 1–2 s as determined from fluorescence measurements. This arrangement is optimized for [Ca2+] measurements with a fluorescence measurement system in tissue slices, where upright microscopes are required. It offers the advantage of saving a micromanipulator for the perfusion pipette and facilitates a fast, reproducible and precise positioning of the perfusion system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Using the ARGUS detector at thee + e − storage ring DORIS II, we have studied nine decay modes of theD 0 meson. In addition to a higher-precision determination of the branching ratios for these modes, several new channels, the decays $$D^0 \to \bar K^0 \eta '$$ , $$D^0 \to \bar K^{*0} \omega $$ and $$D^0 \to \bar K\pi ^ + \omega $$ , have been observed for the first time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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