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  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994  (2)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1960-1964
  • 1992  (2)
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  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994  (2)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1960-1964
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 49 (1992), S. 19-41 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary A three-dimensional mesoscale planetary boundary layer model with theE-ε turbulence closure is used to simulate airflow over a lake of circular shape. A series of model sensitivity studies are performed to examine the effects of lake-land temperature difference, ambient wind magnitude and direction, lake size, surface roughness, the Coriolis force and baroclinic ambient wind conditions on mesoscale lake circulations. The lake-land temperature difference is essentially the basic energy source driving the mesoscale circulations over the lake on synoptically undisturbed days. A lake-breeze convergence zone is predicted by the model due to the differential heating between the land and the water. It is found that spatial and temporal variations of this convergence zone and associated convection are strongly controlled by the direction and the magnitude of the ambient wind. Under southeasterly and southwesterly ambient winds, the lake-breeze convergence zone and the associated convection occur primarily along up wind and lateral sides of the lake with reference to the general direction of the ambient flow. In contrast to the southeasterly and southwesterly ambient winds, the lake-breeze convergence zone and the convection are predicted all around the coastline of the lake under calm wind. The model also predicts a cloudless region over the lake in all the case studies due to divergent nature of the lake-breeze circulation. The lake size is found to have a significant effect in intensifying convection. Surface roughness over the land surface is found to be important in determining the intensity of the convection. The combined effect of the Coriolis force and the differential surface roughness between land and water appear to be the responsible mechanism for producing the asymmetric shape of the lake-breeze convergence zone around the symmetric circular lake. Finally, it was found that an initial baroclinic flow has different mesoscale lake-breeze circulation patterns as compared to an initial barotropic flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Advances in contraception 8 (1992), S. 129-140 
    ISSN: 1573-7195
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Resumé Depuis 1982 en Malaisie, une nouvelle orientation a été donnée à la politique nationale concernant la cruissance démographique. L'étude présentée examine comment ont évolué, sur une période de 5 ans et avec un intervalle de 10 ans, les pratiques contraceptives adoptées par les trois groupes ethniques du pays, à savoir les Malais, les Chinois et les Indiens. Il s'agit en fait d'une étude rétrospective fondée sur les visites à la même clinique de planning familial en milieu urbain. Le changement le plus frappant se rapporte à la composition raciale des groupes utilisant les contraceptifs au cours des deux périodes en question. En effet, les Chinois, qui constituaient le groupe prédominant de 1975 à 1979, ont été remplacés par le groupe malais durant la période de 1985 à 1989. Quant au nombre des Indiens faisant appel à la contraception, il est resté le même. Les résultats font également ressortir une tendance significative au changement de la part de celles qui soit prenaient la pilule soit choisissaient la stérilisation. Aucune modification significative n'est apparue en ce qui concerne l'utilisation des DIU, des préservatifs et des préparations injectables. Cette étude démontre comment les politiques nationales, le niveau d'instruction et les migrations du milieu rural au milieu urbain peuvent considérablement influer sur les pratiques contraceptives.
    Abstract: Resumen Desde 1982 se han producido cambios en la política nacional de Malaysia relativa al crecimiento demográfico. Este estudio examina los cambios en las prácticas anticonceptivas de los tres grupos étnicos del país — malayos, chinos e indios — durante un período de 5 años y con un intervalo de 10 años. Se trata en realidad de un estudio retrospectivo basado en las visitas a la misma clínica de planificación familiar en un ambiente urbano. El cambio más notable observado se relaciona con la composición racial de los grupos que utilizaban anticonceptivos en el curso de los dos períodos en cuestión. Los chinos, que constituían el grupo predominante de 1975 a 1979, fueron reemplazados por los malayos durante el período comprendido entre 1985 y 1989. No se observó cambio alguno en el número de indios que recurrían a anticonceptivos. Los resultados revelan asimismo una tendencia significativa al cambio de parte de quienes tomaban la píldora y de quienes habían elegido la esterilización. No se observó ninguna modificación significativa respecto de la utilización de DIU, preservativos y preparados inyectables. Este estudio demuestra cómo las políticas nacionales, los niveles de educación y las migraciones del ámbito rural al ámbito urbano pueden influir considerablemente sobre las prácticas anticonceptivas.
    Notes: Abstract There have been changes in the national policy regarding population growth in Malaysia from 1982. This report studies the changes in contraceptive practice among the three racial groups in this country, i.e. Malays, Chinese and Indians, over a 5-year period with an interval of 10 years. This is a retrospective study based on the attendance at the same family planning clinic in an urban setting. The striking change noted is the change in the racial composition of contraceptive usage in the two study periods with a shift from the Chinese being predominant in 1975–1979 to Malays in 1985–1989. There was no change among the numbers of Indians using contraception. The results also reveal a significant trend of change for users of the pill and those undergoing sterilization. There were no significant changes in IUD, condom and injectable usage. The study demonstrates how national policies, level of education and rural urban migration can significantly alter contraceptive practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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