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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the electroluminescence observed during the anodic oxidation of porous layers formed on lightly p-doped silicon (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 1265-1271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A detailed analysis of the different characteristics of the electroluminescence that is observed during the anodic oxidation of porous silicon layers formed on lightly p-doped substrates is presented. It is shown that the emission presents characteristics very similar to that of the photoluminescence observed on the same porous layers, and that the same basic mechanisms are involved in the two phenomena. The emission intensity increase with the oxidation level is quantitatively explained by the passivation enhancement provided by the electrochemical oxidation. The spectral shift of the spectra during the oxidation is also discussed: It is shown to result from the decrease in the sizes of the largest emitting crystallites or/and from the significant improvement of the passivation of the smallest ones due to the oxide growth. The effect of the anodizing current density on the emission efficiency is also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354930
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An in situ measurement of intergranular coupling in magnetic film media (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 2027-2028 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We describe an in situ nondestructive method to measure the intergranular coupling in magnetic thin film recording media based on Stoner–Wohlfarth switching theory [Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A 240, 599 (1948)]. The method uses recording write and read heads and a disk test stand to measure a medium's remanence curves from saturation and demagnetization. Using this technique, we have measured Henkel plots [Phys. Status. Solidi 7, 919 (1964)] for single layer and multiple layer longitudinal media, as well as a Henkel plot for a perpendicular thin film with a highly permeable underlayer, which cannot be obtained by the conventional vibrating sample magnetometer method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353145
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Broadening of vibrational lines by attractive forces: Ultrafast Raman echo experiments in a CH3I:CDCl3 mixture (1993)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 99 (1993), S. 810-819 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A definitive demonstration of inhomogeneous vibrational line broadening in a liquid is made from Raman echo measurements of the sym-methyl stretching vibration of CH3I in a 50% mixture with CDCl3. The lifetime of the inhomogeneity is found to be 4–7 ps. The source of the inhomogeneity is identified as concentration fluctuations within the first solvation shell. The range and time scale of the interaction are consistent with the predictions of Schweizer and Chandler [J. Chem. Phys. 76, 2296 (1982)] for an attractive force interaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.465344
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Easing the Burden on Health Departments: A Cost-Effective Method for Public Health Nurses to Increase Private Sector Participation in the Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment Program (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Public health nursing 10 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1446
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Federal legislation requires states to increase use of the early and periodic screening, diagnosis, and treatment (EPSDT) program. The program provides comprehensive health services to children from low-income families on Medicaid and has been shown to improve health and reduce health care costs. Health departments and public health nurses (PHNs) bear a major burden conducting EPSDT screenings because many private physicians choose not to provide these services. Given scarce resources, health departments alone may be unable to meet the mandate for increased EPSDT services. Thus PHNs concerned about children's access to health care may have to encourage provision of EPSDT through the private sector. This project, phase I of the federally funded Healthy Kids Project to increase EPSDT use in rural areas of North Carolina, established the cost-effectiveness of a mailed intervention to recruit private physicians to do EPSDT screens that exceeded the capacity of health departments. The intervention, consisting of a personal letter, journal article, and pamphlet, was sent to all 73 primary care physicians in six rural counties. Before the mailing, 15 (21%) of the 73 physicians were willing to provide EPSDT screenings; after the mailing the number rose to 25 (34%). The one-time cost to recruit each provider was less than the estimated annual cost savings associated with each child in the EPSDT program.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1446.1993.tb00034.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Balloon-Expandable Stent Treatment of Experimental Coarctation of the Aorta: Early Hemodynamic and Pathological Evaluation (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of interventional cardiology 6 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8183
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study was intended to evaluate the acute and short-term hemodynamic, angiographic, and pathological response to balloon-expandable stent treatment of experimental coarctation of the aorta. A discrete thoracic coarctation was surgically created in six mongrel dogs (two adults, four puppies). Two months postoperatively all six dogs (8.9–30 kg) underwent left heart catheterization and coarctation stenting performed through a femoral artery cutdown. A Palmaz PS-30 stent was advanced to the coarctation through a 10French sheath, and expanded with an angioplasty balloon chosen to equal the diameter of the proximal aorta (9–12 mm). Stent implantation was successful in each dog. The systolic pressure gradient decreased from 26.3 ± 9.1 mmHg (mean ± SE) to 0.5 ± 0.5 mmHg (P = 0.04), and the coarctation diameter improved from 50 ± 6% to 82 ± 6% of the diameter of the proximal descending aorta (P 〈 0.01). Follow-up catheterization 4–7 weeks after stenting documented no stent migration, early restenosis, thrombosis, obstruction of arterial side branches, or aneurysm formation. Pathological evaluation of the explanted segments of stented aorta documented that by 6–7 weeks the stents are covered by a neointima composed of intimal proliferation and fibrosis with an endothelial cell surface. These data suggest that balloon-expandable stainless steel stents provide excellent acute and short-term relief of coarctation in this experimental model. Larger and longer-term studies are needed to better assess the incidence of restenosis or aneurysm formation following stenting of coarctation of the aorta.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8183.1993.tb00843.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decay time measurement of fluorescent fibers with photon counting (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 1158-1160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In order to characterize fluorescent light, we present a decay time measurement method based on the use of a commercial photon counting module. This module, adapted for all fiber measurements, is well adapted for the developing field of optodes for chemical and biochemical sensing. Moreover, it improves the detection sensitivity to the femtowatt and picowatt range. It is thus possible to excite the fluorescence with very low power pump pulses, down to a few nanowatts, and to measure the temporal distribution of the fluorescent signal. As sources we can use LEDs, or white lamps plus a monochromator, avoiding unwanted phenomena such as saturation, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), and excited state absorption (ESA). We obtain a measurement accuracy of 0.1% in a couple of minutes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144111
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large diffusion length enhancement in silicon by rapid thermal codiffusion of phosphorus and aluminum (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 1249-1251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated the effects of simultaneous diffusion of phosphorus and aluminum in crystalline silicon on the minority carrier diffusion length as measured by the surface photovoltage technique. The diffusion is carried out by using a tungsten halogen lamp furnace (rapid thermal processing). We have shown that more than 100% bulk diffusion length improvement can be achieved in both float zone and Czochralski silicon material. The different contributions to this enhancement are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109786
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of diffusion length of pregettered multicrystalline silicon solar cells by hydrogen ion implantation at the end of the process (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 3172-3173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: 2×2 cm2 n+pp+ multicrystalline silicon solar cells have been fabricated using thin wafers less than 200 μm thick. A large electron diffusion length has been achieved in these wafers after metallic impurity gettering using a heavy phosphorus diffusion prior to cell processing. Further improvements in the electron diffusion length (Ln) and in the short circuit current (Jsc) of these cells are brought out by hydrogen ion implantation carried out through the back surface of the finished cell. A 25% increase in Ln and a 5.5% increase in Jsc are obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109119
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rutherford backscattering analysis of phosphorus gettering of gold and copper (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 3476-3478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The extrinsic gettering of Au and Cu by phosphorus diffusion in a classical or rapid thermal furnace has been analyzed by Rutherford backscattering (RBS) measurements. Accumulation of Au and Cu in the phosphorus-doped region has been clearly evidenced after classical or rapid thermal diffusion of phosphorus from a spin-on deposited silicon glass source in the temperature range 950–1050 °C for typical durations of 15 min and 25 s, respectively, confirming the existence of classical as well as a rapid thermal gettering effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109025
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strong improvement of diffusion length by phosphorus and aluminum gettering (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 979-981 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The minority carrier diffusion length in polycrystalline silicon has been strongly improved by using several gettering processes. These processes include different surface treatments followed by conventional thermal annealing (CTA) performed at temperatures between 800 and 950 °C. The n+p structures with a back lapped surface exhibit a maximum increase of the diffusion length from 35 to 140 μm for 45 min annealing duration at temperatures of 900 and 950 °C. The realization of a back surface field (BSF) on the lapped surface by aluminum deposition followed by a CTA cycle at 950 °C, with slow cooling rate (2 °C/min) induces a strong additional gettering, resulting in the increase of the minority carrier diffusion length up to 350%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.108539
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