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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron cyclotron resonance heating by strong monochromatic wave in nonuniform magnetic field (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 834-841 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Numerical studies are made on dynamics of electrons under electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) by a strong monochromatic wave in a nonuniform magnetic field. The response of the electrons is described in terms of gains in energy and magnetic moment. These expressions are employed to define a response function which connects the velocity distributions of electrons before and after heating in a wide range of conditions. The response function is applied to calculate the velocity distribution of cold electrons which stream up the magnetic slope and are heated at the resonance. This configuration simulates a possible scheme for controlling an inward flux of cold electrons in diverter regions of tori and in mirror ends by mirror reflection enhanced by ECRH. The velocity distribution shows wing-like structures which are not expected from diffusion equations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870742
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical analysis of thermal dike supported by electron cyclotron resonance heating (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 3986-3995 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thermal dike is a new concept for controlling energy transport carried by electrons along open magnetic field lines by enhancing mirror-reflection with assistance of electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH). Quantitative analyses are made to evaluate merits of thermal dike and to clarify requirements for efficient use of it. Heating response function is applied for trajectory analyses of electrons streaming through the ECRH zone. Substantial power gain is obtained under a configuration with a high mirror ratio between the reflection point and the resonance point and with a large scale length of the magnetic gradient in the resonance zone. Thermal dike is shown to be beneficial both in tandem mirrors and in diverters in tori. Discussions are made also on a basic experiment program of thermal dike in the GAMMA 10 tandem mirror.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870914
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-relativistic response function for higher harmonic electron cyclotron resonance heating (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 2972-2981 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A response function [Y. Kiwamoto et al., Phys. Plasmas 1, 834 (1994)] for higher harmonic cyclotron resonance heating is constructed through the analysis of electron trajectory under harmonic heating in an inhomogeneous magnetic field. General expressions of orbital displacement and energy gain for higher harmonic resonance are obtained. Phase-averaged energy gain of electrons by n-th harmonic electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) is larger by a factor of n, if the effect of the orbital displacement from the unperturbed orbit is correctly included, than that evaluated based on an unperturbed orbit assuming small k⊥ρ. The energy gain for finite k⊥ρ is also obtained. These results are confirmed with a numerical calculation for second harmonics. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872430
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plug potential formation in a tandem mirror (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 2532-2543 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is suggested experimentally that a plug potential forms in a different mechanism from the originally expected scenario in the present tandem mirror [T. Tamano, Phys. Plasmas 2, 2321 (1995)]. That is, the formation requires only electron cyclotron resonance heating experimentally. In this manuscript, therefore, the plug potential with continuous axial profile is analytically shown to be created with the plausible ion and electron distribution functions in a present tandem mirror, i.e., passing ions, mirror trapped ions in the thermal barrier, passing electrons, φ-trapped electrons in a plug potential, and the small amount of ions that are born around the plug region.© 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872232
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ calibration of microchannel-plate-based x-ray pinhole camera for observation of magnetically trapped plasma (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 3421-3425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The electronic amplification gain of a microchannel plate (MCP), as employed for detector and image amplifier of an x-ray pinhole camera, tends to decrease as the output current increases, posing problems both in quantitative analyses and in construction of a three-dimensional emissivity distribution. We report that the output-current dependent MCP gain is described in a simple empirical formula that is determined by an in situ calibration experiment using a steady-state low-temperature discharge plasma. We examine the validity of the formula affirmatively in correcting raw data of x-ray images of magnetically trapped hot plasma. It is also demonstrated that the correction leads to a three-dimensional distribution of soft x-ray emissivity in a quadrupole-mirror-trapped hot plasma that is consistent with other indirect measurements. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148303
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermographic temperature determination of gray materials with an infrared camera in different environments (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 2422-2427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In conventional infrared (IR) thermographic cameras it is normally assumed that the ambient temperatures of optical objects are the same as the temperature determined at the camera head. In increasing cases of application of thermography, this assumption is not always satisfied, and often leads to erroneous results. In this article, we propose a determination scheme of the true temperature of such objects in an explicit form of equation to be solved by combining the readout temperature of the camera with a response function of the camera to a blackbody. The equation can be used to determine optical properties of components in an IR system. It also works to evaluate the contribution coming from each element along the optical path. Though the scheme is written in a form applicable to a specific camera among commercial products, it can be modified so that conventional IR cameras are conveniently used for thermographic determination of the temperature of gray objects in exotic environments. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148127
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of a semiconductor detector for measurement of high energy end loss ions from a tandem mirror (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 1433-1437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A semiconductor detector is applied for measurement of high energy end loss ions (E≥15 keV) from a tandem mirror. Its energy sensitivity to protons calibrated by using a monochromatic ion source is found to be the same as that to electrons. The semiconductor detector is installed on an end wall of the GAMMA 10 tandem mirror and high energy end loss ions are observed with the detector when ions in the confinement region are strongly heated by ion cyclotron waves. Counts of high energy end loss ions are closely related with a diamagnetic signal representing ion heating. The energy of the end loss ions spreads with time and attains to 50–60 keV. Time behavior of the ion count suggests that unknown loss processes other than classical Coulomb scattering are relevant to ion end loss. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147629
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charge transfer-originated large Faraday rotation in Rh4+-substituted magnetic garnets (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 1368-1371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A large Faraday rotation is reported for Rh4+-substituted magnetic garnets in the near-infrared wavelength region. The Faraday rotation at 0.9 μm is about seven times larger than that in yttrium iron garnet by substituting Rh4+ ions of only 0.13 per formula unit at room temperature. From the electronic state calculations of a (Rh4+O62−)8− octahedral cluster performed by using an unrestricted self-consistent field–scattering wave–X α method, the origin of the Faraday rotation is attributable to the charge transfer transitions of an electron from O 2p to Rh 4d orbitals, or t1un(2p)→t2g*(4d) and t2un(2p)→t2g*(4d) transitions. Based on this assignment, the Faraday rotation spectrum is calculated by taking into account the spin–orbit interaction and the molecular field from iron magnetizations in the magnetic garnet. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363898
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between strain effect and martensitic transformation in multifilamentary Nb3Sn wires (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 7404-7407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: For bronze-processed multifilamentary pure Nb3Sn and 2.3 at. % Ti added (Nb,Ti)3Sn wires, which were prepared under the condition of the same wire parameters such as the filament size, filament number, and bronze ratio, the strain effects on the critical current density were measured. The large difference of the residual strain between Nb3Sn and (Nb,Ti)3Sn wires was obtained. It was found that the martensitic transformation for Nb3Sn compound largely contributes to the residual strain through the variation of the elastic modulus in bronze-processed multifilamentary Nb3Sn wires. It was verified that the ternary element addition of Ti surely suppresses the martensitic transformation in the bronze processed multifilamentary Nb3Sn wire.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357033
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of fluoride on root resorption caused by mechanical injuries of the periodontal soft tissues in rats (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Dental traumatology 10 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0595
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study was carried out to investigate histologically and histometrically the effect of fluoride on root resorption induced by mechanical injuries of the periodontal soft tissues in rats. Resorption lacuna in the root surface of the molar in animals given both mechanical injuries and fluoride administration was significantly smaller in length and area than that in animals given only mechanical injuries. Moreover, resorption lacuna in the former animals contained fewer odontoclasts than that in the latter. The results of the present study might suggest that the administration of fluoride suppressed root resorption induced by mechanical injuries of the periodontal soft tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1994.tb00071.x
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