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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of Superoxide Production by Activated Microglia Using a Sensitive and Specific Chemiluminescence Assay and Microglia-Mediated PC12h Cell Death (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 63 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Superoxide production by cultured microglia derived from neonatal rat brains and the cytotoxicity of these cells were evaluated. The chemiluminescence (photon counts) detected in the presence of MCLA, a new chemiluminescence probe, was strongly correlated with the microglial cell count. Chemiluminescence observed in this system was confirmed to originate specifically from superoxide produced by activated microglia. Phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated microglia caused a pronounced reduction of PC12h cell numbers in coculture. The addition of superoxide dismutase with catalase or the addition of deferoxamine mesylate inhibited PC12h cell death, suggesting that active oxygen species derived from superoxide generated by the microglia or iron-oxygen complex formation were responsible for the cytotoxicity. These results imply that activated microglia may participate in the progression of the pathologic process in some neurodegenerative disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.63010266.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epitaxial CoAl/AlAs/GaAs metal semiconductor heterostructures: Growth, structure, and electrical properties (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 885-896 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) growth, structural, and electrical properties of novel epitaxial metal/semiconductor heterostructures (MSHs), consisting of monocrystalline CoAl, an intermetallic compound, and AlAs/GaAs III-V semiconductors have been studied. The CoAl with stoichiometric composition has a CsCl-type crystal structure whose lattice constant is very close to half the lattice constant of GaAs and AlAs, hence, it is a good candidate as a constituent metal in epitaxial monocrystalline metal/semiconductor heterostructures. MBE growth of CoAl thin films on AlAs/GaAs, and also semiconductor overgrowth on ultrathin CoAl films, together with structural characterizations by in situ reflection high energy electron diffractions, ex situ x-ray diffractions and cross sectional transmission electron microscopy have been explored. By optimizing the growth parameters and procedures, high quality monocrystalline CoAl/AlAs/GaAs heterostructures with atomically abrupt interfaces have been successfully grown. Furthermore, the electrical properties of such novel heterostructures as Schottky barrier heights of CoAl/AlAs/GaAs MSHs and transport properties in ultrathin buried CoAl films are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356443
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epitaxial ferromagnetic MnAs thin films grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on GaAs: Structure and magnetic properties : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)-intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 6278-6280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied structural and magnetic properties of epitaxial MnAs thin films with various thicknesses (L=1.0–200 nm) on GaAs substrates. The MnAs thin films were grown at 200–250 °C on an As-rich disordered c(4×4) (001) GaAs surface by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE). The growth direction of the MnAs was found to be along the [1¯100] axis of the hexagonal unit cell. X-ray spectra of the MnAs at room temperature have two peaks, indicating that the present MBE-grown MnAs films consist of the hexagonal ferromagnetic phase and orthorhombic paramagnetic phase. Magnetization measurements revealed that the MnAs thin films have perfectly square hysteresis characteristics with relatively high remnant magnetization Mr=300–567 emu/cm3 and low coercive field Hc=65–926 Oe, compared with those of epitaxial MnGa and MnAl thin films reported previously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358304
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of high power negative-ion sources for fusion research at JAERI : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on ion sources (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 1159-1161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Recent progress regarding high power negative-ion source development for fusion research at JAERI is described. Using the cesium-seeded volume production-type negative-ion sources with an electrostatic acceleration system, a stable production of multiampere negative hydrogen/deuterium ion beams and a high energy acceleration of negative hydrogen ions of 0.2 A up to 350 keV have been demonstrated. On the basis of this recent progress, the construction of a 500 keV, 22 A, deuterium negative-ion source for a neutral beam injection system for the JT-60 tokamak was initiated. Additionally, a 1 MeV, 1 A Cockcroft–Walton-type test facility has been prepared in order to demonstrate high current negative ion acceleration up to 1 MeV. Through these research and development activities, the high power negative-ion source technology sufficient for the realization of a neutral beam injection system for a fusion experimental reactor such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, is in the planning stages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145044
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyperinaphthalene film formation by pulsed laser deposition with a target of perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 3237-3239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin films of polyperinaphthalene (PPN) have been obtained by Nd:YAG pulsed laser deposition with a target of perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride. Components of the films depend on the power and wavelength of the laser light, which is verified by absorption spectra, Raman scattering spectra, and in situ mass spectra. The optimum conditions for the PPN film formation is 10 mJ cm−2 at 266 nm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.111321
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epitaxial orientation and magnetic properties of MnAs thin films grown on (001) GaAs: Template effects (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 1964-1966 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied template effects in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of ferromagnetic MnAs thin films on (001) GaAs substrates. When As2 flux was first supplied without Mn flux on the (001) GaAs prior to the MnAs growth, the surface reconstruction was disordered c(4×4), a more As-rich surface than c(4×4). The growth direction of the MnAs thin film grown on this surface is [1¯100] and the easy magnetization axis was found to be along the [1¯1¯20] of MnAs and the [110] of GaAs. In contrast, when one monolayer of Mn was first deposited on the c(4×4) GaAs surface and then As2 flux was supplied to grow MnAs, the growth direction of the MnAs thin film was found to be mainly [1¯101], and the easy magnetization axis was along the [1¯1¯20] of MnAs and the [1¯10] of GaAs, 90° different with respect to the substrate. These results indicate the importance of the very first monolayer in controlling the epitaxial orientation and magnetic properties of epitaxial ferromagnetic MnAs thin films. © 1994 American Institue of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.112831
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties of epitaxial MnAl/NiAl magnetic multilayers grown on GaAs heterostructures (invited) : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6665-6669 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: New ultrathin epitaxial magnetic multilayers consisting of ferromagnetic τMnAl and nonmagnetic NiAl have been prepared on GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy. The magnetic and magneto-optic properties of these multilayers and the effect of incorporating nonmagnetic NiAl into the structure have been investigated. Perpendicular magnetization was confirmed and the remnant magnetization and coercivity were improved compared to τMnAl thin films. In addition, by systematically changing the thickness of the NiAl layer the magnetic properties could be controlled. We discuss these issues and compare the magnetic and magneto-optic properties of these structures with other epitaxial magnetic structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356889
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Convergent-beam electron diffraction (1994)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 50 (1994), S. 261-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Symmetry determination of three-dimensional (usual) crystals, four-dimensional (one-dimensionally incommensurate) crystals and five- and six-dimensional crystals (quasicrystals) by convergent-beam electron diffraction is described and demonstrated using real materials. Crystal structure refinement based on the dynamical theory of electron diffraction is described for the low-temperture phase of SrTiO3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767393010426
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Convergent-beam electron diffraction study of incommensurately modulated crystals. II. (3+1)-dimensional space groups (1994)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 50 (1994), S. 566-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The convergent-beam electron diffraction (CBED) method for determining three-dimensional space groups is extended to the determination of the (3+1)-dimensional space groups for one-dimensional incommensurately modulated crystals. It is clarified than an approximate dynamical extinction line appears in the CBED discs of the reflections caused by an incommensurate modulation. The extinction enables the space-group determination of the (3+1)-dimensional crystals or the one-dimensional incommensurately modulated crystals. An example of the dynamical extinction line is shown using an incommensurately modulated crystal of Sr2Nb2O7. Tables of the dynamical extinction lines appearing in CBED patterns are given for all the (3 + 1)-dimensional space groups of the incommensurately modulated crystal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767393009997
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron diffraction and microscope studies of zirconium oxides stabilized by several metal oxides (1994)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 27 (1994), S. 67-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Crystal structures of CaO-stabilized zirconium oxide (CSZ) and Tb4O7-stabilized zirconium oxide (TSZ) were investigated by electron diffraction and electron microscopy. Superlattice spots were observed at the Bragg-reflection positions with even-odd mixed indices of the fluorite-type lattice for CSZ containing 10 mol% CaO and TSZ containing 10 mol% Tb2O3.5. Circular diffuse intensity contours were found for CSZ containing 19 mol% CaO and TSZ containing 40 mol% Tb2O3.5. The diffuse contours, which were studied in detail, were ascribed to a circular split of the ½ ½ ½ superlattice reflection into the plane bisecting perpendicularly the 111 reciprocal-lattice vector G111 of the fluorite structure. The diameter D of the diffuse circles was 0̃.24|G_{11\bar 2}| for CSZ and 0̃.12|G_{11\bar 2}| for TSZ. The values of D/|G_{11\bar 2}| for CSZ and TSZ, together with that ( ̃0.18) for Y2O3-stabilized zirconium oxide (YSZ), showed a monotonic increase against the local strain defined by |rH − rG|/rH (rH and rG are the ionic radii for the host and guest cations, respectively). The origin of circular diffuse contours was attributed to the antiphase domains of an ordered structure, whose boundaries are various planes belonging to the [111] zone axis, and the mean domain-size is strongly correlated with the local strain. The [1{\bar 1}0] high-resolution electron-microscope images of TSZ revealed the presence of antiphase microdomains, whose size agrees well with the inverse of the diameter of the diffuse circles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889893006600
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