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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitric Oxide-Mediated Inhibition of the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain in Cultured Astrocytes (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 63 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The Ca2+-independent form of nitric oxide synthase was induced in rat neonatal astrocytes in primary culture by incubation with lipopolysaccharide (1 µg/ml) plus interferon-γ (100 U/ml), and the activities of the mitochondrial respiratory chain components were assessed. Incubation for 18 h produced 25% inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase activity. NADH-ubiquinone-1 reductase (complex I) and succinate-cytochrome c reductase (complex II–III) activities were not affected. Prolonged incubation for 36 h gave rise to a 56% reduction of cytochrome c oxidase activity and a 35% reduction in succinate-cytochrome c reductase activity, but NADH-ubiquinone-1 reductase activity was unchanged. Citrate synthase activity was not affected by any of these conditions. The inhibition of the activities of these mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes was prevented by incubation in the presence of the specific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-l-arginine. The lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γ treatment of the astrocytes produced an increase in glycolysis and lactate formation. These results suggest that inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain after induction of astrocytic nitric oxide synthase may represent a mechanism for nitric oxide-mediated neurotoxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.63030910.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of 1-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridinium on Isolated Rat Brain Mitochondria: Evidence for a Primary Involvement of Energy Depletion (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 63 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The effects of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) on the oxygen consumption, ATP production, H2O2 production, and mitochondrial NADH-CoQ1 reductase (complex I) activity of isolated rat brain mitochondria were investigated. Using glutamate and malate as substrates, concentrations of 10–100 µM MPP+ had no effect on state 4 (−ADP) respiration but decreased state 3 (+ADP) respiration and ATP production. Incubating mitochondria with ADP for 30 min after loading with varying concentrations of MPP+ produced a concentration-dependent decrease in H2O2 production. Incubation of mitochondria with ADP for 60 min after loading with 100 µM MPP+ caused no loss of complex I activity after washing of MPP+ from the mitochondrial membranes. These data are consistent with MPP+ initially binding specifically to complex I and inhibiting both the flow of reducing equivalents and the production of H2O2 by the mitochondrial respiratory chain, without irreversibly damaging complex I. However, mitochondria incubated with H2O2 in the presence of Cu2+ ions showed decreased complex I activity. This study provides additional evidence that cellular damage initiated by MPP+ is due primarily to energy depletion caused by specific binding to complex I, any increased damage due to free radical production by mitochondria being a secondary effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.63020640.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THERMAL GELATION OF DUCK BREAST AND LEG MUSCLE PROTEINS (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of muscle foods 5 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4573
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Gels were made by heating duck breast and leg myofibrillar protein suspensions (20 mg/ml; pH 5.50, 5.75 and 6.00) at a constant rate of 1C/min from 18C to 70C. After heating the suspensions to 70C at pH 5.50, breast proteins formed gels which were not different (p 〉 0.05) in strength from leg proteins. At pH 5.75 and 6.00, however, breast proteins formed significantly stronger gels than leg proteins. Increasing the protein suspension pH from 5.50 to 5.75 had no significant effect on the strength of leg protein gels, whereas the strength of breast protein gels more than doubled. A further increase in pH from 5.75 to 6.00 resulted in a three-fold decrease in the strength of leg protein gels; no significant difference was observed for breast gels. Overall, pH 5.75 was suitable for forming strong breast and leg protein gels, whereas pH 5.50 and 6.00 were detrimental for gel formation of breast and leg proteins, respectively. Variations in the gelation behavior of duck breast versus leg protein gelation are characteristic of differences in fiber composition of the muscle types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4573.1994.tb00516.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Digging on: A Personal Record and Appraisal of Archaeological Research in Africa and Elsewhere (1994)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Anthropology 23 (1994), S. 1-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6570
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.23.100194.000245
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance to Peronospora viciae expressed as differential colony growth in two cultivars of Pisum sativum (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 43 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Peronospora viciae sporulated frequently following localized inoculation of leaflets of Pisum sativum cv. Krupp Pelushka but rarely on cv. Early Onward (60 and 〈 1% of plants respectively). Similar results were obtained following inoculation of seedling shoot apices. The proportions of sporangia that germinated, formed appressoria, invaded via stomata or cuticle, and established colonies, were similar on leaflets of both cultivars. After 2 days, total hyphal lengths of most colonies were greater than 100 μm (94% in Krupp Pelushka, 64% in Early Onward), but in Krupp Pelushka there were five times as many haustoria per unit length of hypha. Subsequently, only occasional colonies in Early Onward grew to the same extent as in Krupp Pelushka, with 8% and 88% respectively attaining lengths 〉 800 μm after 4 days. Reduced growth of hyphae in Early Onward was associated with increased frequency of host cells stained by trypan blue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1994.tb00553.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [Mo{P(Ph)2OC6H3(Ph)(η6-Ph)}(CO)2] (1994)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 50 (1994), S. 898-899 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270193011746
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat Induced Gelation of Pea (Pisum sativum) Mixed Globulins, Vicilin and Legumin (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 59 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mixed globulins (MG) were extracted from ground dry peas (Pisum sativum, B-160) with 0.5M NaCl, 50 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.2, and isolated by precipitation at pH 4.5. Crude vicilin and legumin were fractionated from the MG by dialysis against 0.2M NaCl, pH 4.8, and centrifugation, then further purified using DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Conditions for maximum gel hardness of heat induced MG gel, as determined with an Instron Universal Testing Machine, were heating for 20 min at pH 7.1 at 87°C. Purified vicilin, but not legumin, formed heat induced gels. The relationship was linear between protein (globulin) concentration and log gel hardness. At all protein concentrations studied, as proportion of legumin decreased, gel hardness increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb05570.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of serum cytokines in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (1994)
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 8 (1994), S. 1380-1384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Serum cytokines ; Laparoscopic cholecystectomy ; interleukin-6
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The clinical observation that a laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a minimally invasive operation has not been demonstrated on a biochemical basis. Interleukin-6, a known endogenous pyrogen and hepatocyte-stimulating protein, correlates with the significance of surgical trauma. Utilizing the IL-6 immunoassay, we studied this biochemical parameter of trauma to compare its response in laparoscopic vs open cholecystectomy. Sixteen patients who underwent only laparoscopic cholecystectomy showed peak IL-6 concentrations of 51 pg/ml (22–86) vs a peak IL-6 concentration of 124 pg/ml (56–225) for open cholecystectomy. Six additional patients who underwent an ERCP followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy showed a dramatic rise in peak IL-6 concentration to 315 pg/ml (15–634). These results biochemically confirm the true minimal invasiveness of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The findings in the ERCP-followed-by-laparoscopic-cholecystectomy group support the theory that two invasive procedures in close proximity may prime the cytokine system in its response to surgical trauma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187340
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resonant states of the4He liquid-vapor interface (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 96 (1994), S. 153-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The spectrum of elementary excitations of the4He liquid-vapor interface is analyzed at various temperatures on the basis of a Feynman description of the thermal excitations. Phenomenological forms are adopted for the density profile of the interface and the two-body correlations that enter this variational treatment. The excited modes may be subdivided into liquid, vapor, vapor-liquid, and bound excitations. It is found that the interface supports resonant states which exhibit a rather large amplitude in the inhomogeneous interface layer separating the bulk liquid and vapor phases. The excitation energies of interface resonances form bands in the excitation spectrum that broaden with increasing temperature. We sketch a microscopic model of the decrease of the interface tension with temperature which yields results in good agreement with experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00752403
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pre-industrial particulate emissions and carbon sequestration from biomass burning in North America (1994)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 24 (1994), S. 35-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: biomass burning ; carbon sequestration ; charcoal ; fire emissions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Spatial trends in pre-industrial biomass burning emissions for eastern North America were reconstructed from sediment charcoal data. Petrographic thin sections were prepared from varved lake sediments along a transect of sites extending from NW Minnesota eastward to NE Maine. Results showed an exponential decline in charcoal abundance with distance east from the prairie/forest border. This result quantifies burning along the broad climate/vegetation gradient from xeric woodland to mesic eastern deciduous forest. Post-settlement charcoal accumulation showed no such geographic pattern, varying from site-to-site, likely reflecting local variability in land use and combustion sources. Results suggest the total emissions of large (〉 10 μm diameter) charcoal particles decreased by a factor of three during the twentieth century.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00001306
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