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  • 1990-1994  (2)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1994  (2)
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  • 1990-1994  (2)
  • 1940-1944
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 45 (1994), S. 215-221 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Metal dusting bei niedriglegierten StählenDas metal dusting zweier niedriglegierter Stähle wurde bei 475°C in strömenden CO-H2-H2O-Gemischen bei atmosphärischem Druck und aC 〉 1 untersucht. Die Reaktionsfolge läuft ab wie folgt: 1. Übersättigung mit C, Bildung von Cementit und dessen Zerfall zu Metallpartikeln und Kohlenstoff und 2. zusätzliche Kohlenstoffabscheidung aus der Atmosphäre auf den Metallteilchen. Die Geschwindigkeit der Metallabtragung r1 wurde durch Analyse des Korrosionsproduktes nach den Auslagerungen bestimmt, diese Geschwindigkeit ist zeitunabhängig und praktisch unabhängig von der Umgebung. Die Kohlenstoffabscheidung aus der Atmosphäre wurde mittels Thermogravimetrie bestimmt, die Geschwindigkeit der Abscheidung nimmt linear mit der Zeit zu, dies kann erklärt werden durch die katalytische Wirkung der Metallpartikel, weiterhin sind periodische Änderungen überlagert. Die Geschwindigkeit der Kohlenstoffabscheidung r2 ist proportional zu der Kohlenstoffaktivität in der Atmosphere. Das metal dusting konnte nicht durch eine Erhöhung der Sauerstoffaktivität unterdrückt werden oder durch Voroxidation, selbst unter Bedingungen, bei denen Magnetit stabil sein sollte. Zusätze von H2S jedoch unterdrücken wirksam den Angriff.
    Notes: The metal dusting of two low alloy steels was investigated at 475°C in flowing CO-H2-H2O mixtures at atmospheric pressure and aC 〉 1. The reaction sequence comprises: (1) oversaturation with C, formation of cementite und its decomposition to metal particles and carbon, and (2) additional carbon deposition on the metal particles from the atmosphere. The metal wastage rate r1 was determined by analysis of the corrosion product after exposures, this rate is constant with time und virtually independent of the environment. The carbon deposition from the atmosphere was determined by thermogravimetry, its rate r2 increases linearly with time, which can be explained by the catalytic action of the metal particles - periodic changes are superposed. The rate of carbon deposition r2 is proportional to the carbon activity in the atmosphere. The metal dusting could not be suppressed by increasing the oxygen activity or preoxidation, even if magnetite should be stable. Addition of H2S, however, effectively suppresses the attack.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 21 (1994), S. 665-672 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Layers of the oxides FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, Cr2O3 and Al2O3 were prepared by evaporation of the corresponding metal layers onto a preoxidized Si substrate and oxidation at elevated temperature. The oxidation was conducted under thermodynamically well-defined conditions so that the pure oxide phases noted were obtained. The oxide layer thickness was calculated from the thickness of the initial metal film, which was determined by chemical analysis and from the frequency change of a quartz crystal upon evaporaton. Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiles of the oxide layers were measured during Ar+ sputtering, and the sputter time necessary to reach the interface oxide/substrate was determined. The determination of this sputter time was not very exact, because the transition from oxide to substrate in the profile was rather gradual, owing to the roughness and crystalline character of the oxide layers that causes inhomogeneous sputtering. However, from the sputter time, oxide thickness and ion beam current, the sputter rates were obtained for the oxides noted (in nm μA-1 cm-2 min-1) and were compared to the sputter rate of amorphous Ta2O5, which is generally used as the sputter reference standard. Considerable differences were found. The results will lead to more reliable determinations of oxide scale thicknesses by sputtering.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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