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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A classical dilemma (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 102 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb11442.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Products and Pathways of Glucose Catabolism in Herpetomonas muscarum ingenoplastis and Herpetomonas muscarum muscarum (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 44 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . The products and pathways of glucose catabolism in the insect trypanosomatids Herpetomonas muscarum ingenoplastis and Herpetomonas muscarum muscarum have been studied with the aim of elucidating how both organisms are able to proliferate well under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. When incubated in medium containing glucose as the only exogenous carbon source, catabolism was found to be fermentative in both cases. Acetate was a major product of both organisms while H. m. ingenoplastis produced more ethanol and propionate and less succinate than H. m. muscarum. Ethanol production by H. m. ingenoplastis decreased both under anaerobic conditions and in the presence of elevated CO2 concentrations, whereas succinate and propionate release by this organism were greater in high CO2 and anoxia, respectively. Succinate production by H. m. muscarum was greatest under anaerobic conditions in elevated CO2 whereas propionate was only a minor product. The same four products were released during growth of the organisms in complex medium, but the relative proportions differed suggesting that other substrates were being used. Both organisms contained enzymes of the glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathways, but while all activities of the TCA cycle were present in H. m. muscarum. NAD-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate CoA synthase and succinate dehydrogenase were not detected in H. m. ingenoplastis. Fumarate reductase activity was present in both organisms. The data presented suggest that CO2-fixation and reverse flux through the TCA cycle may be important factors that enable the organisms to undergo anaerobiosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1997.tb05690.x
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  • 3
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    Carnap and Quine: Internal and External Questions (1995)
    Dordrecht : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Erkenntnis. 42:1 (1995:Jan.) 41-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0165-0106
    Topics: Philosophy
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:n420-1995-042-01-000005
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  • 4
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    "Vom Einfall zum Kunstwerk: Der Kompositionsprozess in der Musik des 20. Jahrhunderts", ed. Hermann Danuser and Günter Katzenberger (Book Review) (1995)
    Ann Arbor, Mich., etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Notes. [ser.2]:51:3 (1995:Mar.) 895 
    Details
    ISSN: 0027-4380
    Topics: Musicology
    Notes: Book Reviews
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:3179-1995-051-03-000005
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salty brines on the Mediterranean sea floor (1997)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd
    Nature 387 (1997), S. 31-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In this communication, we report on brines from the Discovery Basin in the eastern Mediterranean which have the highest salin- ity ever found in the marine environment They were formed by the dissolution of bischofite (MgCl2.6H2O) and filled the basin during the past 2,000 years. The ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/387031a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of inhibitors to identify essential cysteine proteinases of Trichomonas vaginalis (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 149 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Designing cysteine proteinase inhibitors as antitrichomonal drugs requires knowledge of which cysteine proteinases are essential to the parasite. In an attempt to obtain such information, the effects of a number of cysteine proteinase inhibitors on trichomonad growth in vitro and proteinase activity were investigated. The broad specificity inhibitor trans-epoxysuccinyl-l-leucylamido-(4-guanidino)butane (known as E-64) had little effect on growth of Trichomonas vaginalis (27% inhibition at 280 μM, none at 28 μM) even though the addition of 2.8 μM E-64 to growth medium resulted in inhibition of all but two (apparent molecular masses: 35 k and 49 k) of the parasite's proteinases detected by gelatin SDS-PAGE. This shows that many of the parasite's cysteine proteinases are not essential for growth in axenic culture. In contrast, a peptidyl acyloxymethyl ketone, N-benzoyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Ala-CH2OCO-(2,6,-(CF3)2)Ph, at 16 μM killed T. vaginalis and severely inhibited growth of Tritrichomonas foetus. Exposure of Trichomonas vaginalis to 16 μM of this compound for 1 h resulted in both the 35 kDa and 49 kDa proteinases being inhibited, whereas some other proteinases were unaffected. Similar distinctions between the inhibitor sensitivity of the parasite's cysteine proteinases were apparent when a biotinylated peptidyl diazomethyl ketone was used to detect active proteinases. These data suggest that the growth inhibitory effects of the peptidyl acyloxymethyl ketone are through inhibition of cysteine proteinases that are not affected when the parasites are grown in the presence of E-64. At least one of these enzymes, which include the 35 kDa and 49 kDa cysteine proteinases, must be essential and so a suitable target for chemotherapeutic attack.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10306.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amino acid consumption by the parasitic, amoeboid protists Entamoeba histolytica and E. invadens (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 130 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Amino acid consumption by Entamoeba histolytica and E. invadens has been measured in order to assess the possible roles of amino acids as energy substrates. Mixtures of amino acids enhanced the growth of the parasites in complex medium and their survival in simple medium. The consumption of several amino acids by the parasites suspended in simple media was greater when glucose was absent, suggesting that they may act as alternative energy sources. Under these conditions, asparagine was consumed extremely rapidly by E. histolytica in particular, and arginine, leucine and threonine were used greatly by both species. There was also a marked consumption of aspartate, but this occurred even when glucose was present. These five amino acids and phenylalanine were the ones consumed in greatest amounts during growth of E. histolytica in complex medium. Under the same growth conditions, E. invadens also used asparagine, arginine, leucine and threonine and in addition there was a large consumption of serine and especially glutamate. In contrast, the aspartate concentration in the complex medium increased and there was also a net increase in the concentration of some other amino acids. Alanine was produced by both species when the parasites were incubated in simple medium with glucose, and in greater amounts during growth in complex media, suggesting that it is an end product of energy metabolism. The findings provide support for the suggestion that energy generation through amino acid catabolism may be a characteristic feature of anaerobic parasitic protists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07728.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An object design framework for structural engineering (1995)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 11 (1995), S. 213-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Keywords: Communication channel ; Communication path ; Data attribute ; Design object ; Method group ; Object-oriented ; Receiving interface ; Relationship ; Relationship attribute ; Sending method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Object-oriented principles have introduced several useful concepts for developing complex software systems. As a result, several methodologies have been suggested for the overall design of software systems based on these concepts. Methodologies and frameworks for designing objects that are to be part of the software systems are currently lacking. This paper proposes anobject design framework andmethodology, which utilizes the object-oriented concepts, for planning, organizing and designing structural engineering design objects. Design objects in an integrated structural engineering system are complex and often related to each other in various different ways. The paper also identifies several important relationships among structural engineering design objects. These relationships serve as communication channels through wich design objects send messages to and receive responses from each other. Several examples, drawn from reinforced concrete structures, will be presented to demonstrate the object design methodology and to illustrate how the framework is effective in reducing the complexity of design objects in an integrated structural engineering system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01208815
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carnap and Quine: Internal and external questions (1995)
    Springer
    Erkenntnis 42 (1995), S. 41-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8420
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01666811
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparisons of the Nucleotide Substitution Process Among Repetitive Segments of the α- and β-Spectrin Genes (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 44 (1997), S. 492 -500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Spectrin — Substitution pattern — Substitution rate — Elliptocytosis — Spherocytosis — Maximum likelihood — Gene duplication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The actin–cross-linking protein spectrin is a prominent component of the membrane cytoskeleton. Spectrin is a tetramer of two antiparallel αβ-dimers which share a unique and ancient gene structure. The α-spectrin and β-spectrin genes are composed primarily of tandemly repeated 106-amino-acid segments, each of which forms a triple α-helical coiled coil. Both the genes and the repeats themselves are homologous. The two genes are thought to be the result of a gene duplication event, and each gene is the product of duplications of the 106-amino-acid repeats. In this work we compare the process of molecular evolution across the repeated segments of the α- and β-spectrin genes. We find that the α-spectrin segments have, for the most part, evolved in a homogeneous fashion, while considerable heterogeneity is found among β-spectrin segments. Several segments with unique known functions are found to have evolved differently than the others. On the basis of heterogeneity of the evolutionary process, we suggest that at least one repeat has a unique function that has yet to be documented. We also present new statistical methods for comparing the evolutionary process between different regions of DNA sequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006173
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