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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 70 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: We have previously developed an in vitro model for traumatic brain injury that simulates a major component of in vivo trauma, that being tissue strain or stretch. We have validated our model by demonstrating that it produces many of the posttraumatic responses observed in vivo. Sustained elevation of the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) has been hypothesized to be a primary biochemical mechanism inducing cell dysfunction after trauma. In the present report, we have examined this hypothesis in astrocytes using our in vitro injury model and fura-2 microphotometry. Our results indicate that astrocyte [Ca2+]i is rapidly elevated after stretch injury, the magnitude of which is proportional to the degree of injury. However, the injury-induced [Ca2+]i elevation is not sustained and returns to near-basal levels by 15 min postinjury and to basal levels between 3 and 24 h after injury. Although basal [Ca2+]i returns to normal after injury, we have identified persistent injury-induced alterations in calcium-mediated signal transduction pathways. We report here, for the first time, that traumatic stretch injury causes release of calcium from inositol trisphosphate-sensitive intracellular calcium stores and may uncouple the stores from participation in metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated signal transduction events. We found that for a prolonged period after trauma astrocytes no longer respond to thapsigargin, glutamate, or the inositol trisphosphate-linked metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist trans-(1S,3R)-1-amino-1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid with an elevation in [Ca2+]i. We hypothesize that changes in calcium-mediated signaling pathways, rather than an absolute elevation in [Ca2+]i, is responsible for some of the pathological consequences of traumatic brain injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 1820-1822 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We observe a light-induced on–off switching of the selective donor–acceptor pair excitation in bulk-grown semi-insulating GaAs. The spectral dependence of the switching process is related to the metastability of the EL2 defect. In the ground state, this As-antisite related midgap donor compensates the shallow acceptors and is responsible for the semi-insulating properties of the material. The loss of the shallow acceptor compensation, that accompanies the transfer of the EL2 to its metastable state leads to the observed absorption and luminescence quench of the shallow donor–acceptor pairs. We exploit these effects in demonstrating optical data storage in semi-insulating GaAs. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 3456-3458 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have used a simple approach to fabricate buried InGaAs/InP quantum wires with widths down to 15 nm. Combining high resolution electron beam lithography and selective wet chemical etching only the InP cap layer of an InGaAs/InP quantum well is locally removed. InGaAs surface quantum wells are formed in the etched parts of the samples, where the energy band discontinuity of the quantum well is replaced by the high vacuum barrier. Therefore a lateral potential barrier is induced, which confines the carriers to the InP covered wire regions. In addition, the lateral potential can be strongly increased by a selective thermal intermixing step. The luminescence spectra of the wires show significant lateral quantization effects with energy shifts up to 13 meV and high quantum efficiencies up to room temperature. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 103 (1995), S. 274-280 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structure of the ground and lowest two excited states of H2NO have been determined in large scale configuration interaction calculations using a multiconfiguration self-consistent description of the molecular orbitals. These treatments are based on a systematic building of the correlation contribution which has been designed to account for the characteristics of the nitroxide group. This approach shows that the aminoxyl functional group is more than a three electron group shared by two atoms, but, in fact, a nine electron entity. Our best estimate of the geometry of the ground electronic state, obtained after second-order configuration interaction using a large basis of atomic natural orbitals, is pyramidal. However, since the potential depth between 0° and 40° is lower or of the same order of magnitude as the estimated inversion frequency, the conclusion that this molecule behaves like a planar system is totally justified. The structure of the excited (n−π*) and (π−π*) states have been determined and the transitions energies are in accordance with the experimental results on the highly substituted stable nitroxide radicals. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 16351-16356 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 1425-1434 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ground- and excited-state properties of both gas phase and crystalline ruthenocene, Ru(cp)2, are investigated using density functional theory. A symmetry-based technique is employed to calculate the energies of the multiplet splittings of the singly excited triplet states. For the crystalline system, a Buckingham potential is introduced to describe the intermolecular interactions between a given Ru(cp)2 molecule and its first shell of neighbors. The overall agreement between experimental and calculated ground- and excited-state properties is very good as far as absolute transition energies, the Stokes shift and the geometry of the excited states are concerned. An additional energy lowering in the 3B2 component of the 5a1′→4e1″ excited state is obtained when the pseudolinear geometry of Ru(cp)2 is relaxed along the low-frequency bending vibration. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 375 (1995), S. 637-637 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Infants born to HIV-infected mothers acquire maternal antibody trans-placentally, rendering the interpretation of serological assays difficult. Secure diagnosis of perinatal infection should include investigation both of a maternal sample and of two or more infant ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 393 (1998), S. 769-771 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Optical fibres doped with lanthanide or transition-metal elements can serve as in-line lasers and amplifiers for fibre-optic telecommunications systems. In general, most such fibre lasers use conventional silica-glass fibres doped with erbium or neodymium. But silicon dioxide absorbs strongly ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Magnetresonanztomographie ; Diffusion ; Echo-planar ; Zerebrale Ischämie ; Key words MRI ; Diffusion ; Echo - planar ; Cerebral ischemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Magnetic resonance imaging represents today the most important tool in neuroradiology for both clinical pratice and research. MRI allows imaging of the human body in 2 or 3 dimensions with variable tissue contrast. The natural diffusion of tissue protons can now be used as a supplementary contrast mechanism. Different MRI techniques can be used to obtain clinically useful diffusion-weighted images. These techniques all require the use of strong gradient pulses in order to obtain the diffusion contrast. In the current article, the most important physical principles of diffusion measurement are presented. After a short introduction into the basic physical principles, we will present the prerequisites and limitations of clinically relevant applications today. Finally a few select examples of clinical use of these techniques in the acute diagnosis of stroke will be presented.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Kernspintomographie (Magnetresonanztomographie, MRT) ist das zentrale diagnostische Instrument der Neuroradiologie für die Routinediagnostik, aber auch für Fragestellungen, die Forschung und Lehre betreffen, geworden. Zu den bereits bekannten und erprobten MR-Bildkontrasten ist die Diffusion der Protonen als neuer zusätzlicher Kontrastmechanismus hinzugekommen. In letzter Zeit wurden verschiedene kernspintomographische Techniken beschrieben, die zur Diffusionsbildgebung herangezogen werden können. Dabei verlangen MR-Diffusionssequenzen den Einsatz starker Gradientenpulse, die den Diffusionskontrast erzeugen. Andere, weniger bekannte Techniken lassen sich aber auch auf MR-Geräten mit schwächeren Gradienten einsetzen. Untersuchungen die belegen, daß Art und Ausmaß eines Schlaganfalls mit der MR-Diffusionsbildgebung sehr früh mit hoher Sensitivität nachzuweisen ist, haben diese neue MR-Bildgebungstechnik in das Zentrum von Therapiestrategien für diese häufige Erkrankung gerückt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die wichtigsten physikalischen Grundlagen der MR-Diffusionsmessung vorgestellt. Die heute klinisch einsetzbaren Techniken, deren technische Voraussetzungen und Einschränkungen werden erläutert. Im abschließenden Teil wird die klinische Anwendung dieser neuen Bildgebungstechnik zur Diagnostik von akuten Hirninfarkten anhand einiger Beispiele beschrieben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Company
    Nature biotechnology 13 (1995), S. 271-275 
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] We have developed a chromosomal integration system for gene transfer into the extreme thermophile Thermus flavus. The system relies on integration at the site of leuB (3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase) which was cloned from T. flavus. The leuB gene was insertionally inactivated in vitro with a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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