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  • 1995-1999  (12)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1999  (7)
  • 1995  (5)
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  • 1995-1999  (12)
  • 1965-1969
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Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electric field induced surface modification of Au (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 8170-8177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We discuss the role of localized high electric fields in the modification of Au surfaces with a W probe using the interfacial force microscope. Upon bringing a probe close to a Au surface, we measure both the interfacial force and the field emission current as a function of separation with a constant potential of 100 V between tip and sample. The current initially increases exponentially as the separation decreases. However, at a distance of less than ∼500 Å, the current rises sharply as the surface begins to distort and rapidly close the gap. Retraction of the tip before contact is made reveals the formation of a mound on the surface. We propose a simple model, in which the localized high electric field under the tip assists the production of mobile Au adatoms by detachment from surface steps, and a radial field gradient causes a net flux of atoms toward the tip by surface diffusion. These processes give rise to an unstable surface deformation which, if left unchecked, results in a destructive mechanical contact. We discuss our findings with respect to earlier work using voltage pulses in the scanning tunneling microscope as a means of nanofabrication. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370656
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recollections on Louis S. Diamond (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 42 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1995.tb05910.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maintaining the status quo: federal government budget deficits and defensive rent-seeking (1999)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 26 (1999), S. 5-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The purpose of the present study is to test the hypothesis alluded to by Tullock, within the context of defensive rent-seeking efforts developed by others (e.g. McChesney). Here, we test the idea that defensive rent seeking efforts (or rent-defending) to maintain the status quo augment offensive rent-seeking (all proxied by real campaign contributions to US House/Senate candidates, 1976-1992) during federal budgetary climates of deficit-cutting (budget-balancing). When a panel estimator is properly used, our econometric evidence confirms our hypothesis. Evidence from a Parks regression technique suggests that total rent-seeking is positively related to the amount of federal spending, as others have shown, but that rent-seeking efforts increase when federal budget deficits are reduced, threatening existing spending patterns and rents. Perhaps an unintended consequence of deficit-reduction efforts, holding government spending constant, is an increase in the size of the rent-seeking industry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443589910252566
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advertising and information: an empirical study of search, experience and credence goods (1995)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 22 (1995), S. 33-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Investigates empirically the importance of buyer characteristics aswell as product and service classifications on the informational contentof advertising supply by sellers utilizing Yellow Pagesadvertisements from six US cities. The analysis and tests extend thecategories used in previous tests by including so-called "credencegoods" by analysing the impact of alternative buyercharacteristics as proxies for time and information costs. Theintra-city and, to a lesser extent, inter-city comparisons lend supportto the contemporary theory of advertising as information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443589510086970
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of a Mammalian Promoter Through Changes in Patterns of Transcription Factor Binding (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 48 (1999), S. 252-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006463
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulatory capture and the price of electricity: evidence from time series estimates (1995)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of social economics 22 (1995), S. 16-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-8293
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Re-estimates the famous study by Stigler and Friedland (1962) thatexamines the impact of regulation on the price of electricity. Employstime-series data in the analysis, in light of recent extensions of theStigler-Peltzman theory of regulation. By modelling regulatory behaviouras an endogenous variable in a simultaneous system the model suggeststhat regulatory agencies are more likely to respond to the concerns ofthe firms that are being regulated. The regulatory authorities use theirpolitical power to regulate when the price of electricity (and hence,producer profits) falls over time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03068299510075096
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An adaptive Gauss-Newton algorithm for training multilayer nonlinear filters that have embedded memory (1999)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 18 (1999), S. 407-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract We describe herein a new means of training dynamic multilayer nonlinear adaptive filters, orneural networks. We restrict our discussion to multilayer dynamic Volterra networks, which are structured so as to restrict their degrees of computational freedom, based on a priori knowledge about the dynamic operation to be emulated. The networks consist of linear dynamic filters together with nonlinear generalized single-layer subnets. We describe how a Newton-like optimization strategy can be applied to these dynamic architectures and detail a newmodified Gauss-Newton optimization technique. The new training algorithm converges faster and to a smaller value of cost than backpropagation-through-time for a wide range of adaptive filtering applications. We apply the algorithm to modeling the inverse of a nonlinear dynamic tracking system. The superior performance of the algorithm over standard techniques is demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01200791
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling household fertility decisions: Estimation and testing of censored regression models for count data (1995)
    Springer
    Empirical economics 20 (1995), S. 183-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Keywords: C25 ; J13
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper adds to the recent body of research on fertility by estimating and testing censored poisson regression models and censored negative binomial regression models of household fertility decisions. A novel feature of this study is that in each case the censoring threshold varies from individual to individual. Also, a Lagrange multiplier or score test is used to investigate overdispersion. In these regression models the dependent variable is the number of children. In this situation, censored poisson regression models and censored negative binomial regression models have statistical advantages over OLS, uncensored poisson regression models, and uncensored negative binomial regression models. The censored models employed in this study are estimated using panel data collected from the Consumer Expenditure Survey compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The findings of this study support the fertility hypothesis of Becker and Lewis (1965-70).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01205434
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Public choice and the EPA: Empirical evidence on carbon emissions violations (1995)
    Springer
    Public choice 83 (1995), S. 127-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7101
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This study provides evidence of public choice determinants of the penalties assessed by the Environmental Protection Agency for carbon emissions violations. Following the work of Stigler (1971), Peltzman (1976), Tollison (1982), and Tullock (1989), this study points out that powerful business interest groups are able to use their political influence to shape EPA environmental policy for urban areas. The statistical estimates presented here suggest that business groups have limited power (through lobbying activity) in affecting the probability of the occurrence of an EPA citation for carbon emissions violations, while they may have considerable power in influencing thedegree of an EPA citation for carbon emissions standards, once a citation occurs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01047688
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The functional intronless S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase gene of the mouse (Amd-2) is linked to the ornithine decarboxylase gene (Odc) on Chromosome 12 and is present in distantly related species of the genus Mus (1999)
    Springer
    Mammalian genome 10 (1999), S. 784-788 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1777
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of polyamines. We have previously identified a mouse AdoMetDC gene that exhibits the hallmarks of a retroposon; that is, it has no introns, is flanked by direct repeats, and has a poly(dA) tract at its 3′-end. This gene, termed Amd-2, is not a processed pseudogene; rather, it is transcribed in a variety of mouse tissues and encodes a functional enzyme. In the current report, we present the sequence of a 6.7-kb genomic segment of the Amd-2 locus. Several sequences of interest, including an intercisternal A particle (IAP) element, a transposon-related sequence, and several expressed sequence tags (ESTs), were found within or near Amd-2. We also show, through analysis of an interspecific backcross, that Amd-2 is located on Chr 12, tightly linked to the gene (Odc) that encodes ornithine decarboxylase, another key enzyme in polyamine synthesis. Finally, we show that Amd-2 is present among several divergent species of the genus Mus. Thus, the integration event that generated Amd-2 may have occurred early during Mus evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003359901092
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