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  • 1995-1999  (4)
  • 1995  (4)
  • Anxiety PTSD  (1)
  • adipocytes  (1)
  • photosystem I and II  (1)
  • self-validating  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yohimbine facilitated acoustic startle in combat veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (1995)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 117 (1995), S. 466-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Yohimbine ; Noradrenergic ; Anxiety PTSD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that the acoustic startle reflex (ASR) is a useful model to investigate the neurochemical basis of anxiety and fear states. This work has revealed that the anxiogenic alpha-2 receptor antagonist, yohimbine, increases the amplitude of the ASR in laboratory animals and in healthy human controls. Because of the growing body of data that support the hypothesis that severe stress results in substantial alterations in noradrenergic neuronal reactivity, the present investigation evaluated the effects of yohimbine on the ASR of 18 patients with PTSD and 11 healthy combat controls. Subjects received IV yohimbine (0.4 mg/kg) or saline placebo on 2 separate days in a randomized double blind placebo control design. A trial of two tone frequencies with varied intensity (90, 96, 102, 108, 114 dB) white noise and instantaneous rise time, was delivered binaurally through headphones. Tones were delivered every 25–60 s, for a 40-ms duration. Startle testing was performed 80 min post-infusion and lasted 15–20 min. Yohimbine significantly increased the amplitude, magnitude and probability of the ASR in combat veterans with PTSD, but did not do so in combat controls. Overall startle was significantly larger in the PTSD subjects; however, this did not account for the differential effect of yohimbine, since yohimbine had no significant effect in the control group. This study demonstrates an excitatory effect of yohimbine on the amplitude, magnitude and probability of the ASR in PTSD patients that is not seen in combat controls. In the context of the key role of this reflex in the alarm response, this finding adds to the array of documented behavioral, biochemical and cardiovascular effects of yohimbine in humans which support the relationship between increased noradrenergic function and exaggerated startle symptomatology of PTSD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246220
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation in thylakoid proteins and photosynthesis in Syrian landraces of barley (1995)
    Springer
    Euphytica 82 (1995), S. 213-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: barley landraces ; drought ; Hordeum vulgare ; leaf colour ; photosynthesis ; photosystem I and II ; thylakoid chlorophyll-proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Barley breeders at ICARDA have observed that genotypes adapted to dry regions have leaves which are lighter in colour than those of unadapted ones. We measured photosynthesis, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a:b ratios in two sets of genotypes which had previously been observed to have either light green or dark green leaves when grown in the field. Thylakoid membranes were also extracted and the proteins analysed on SDS-PAGE gels. The light leaf colour was associated with a higher chlorophyll a:b ratio. This was a measure of a reduction in the amount of antenna chlorophyll compared to that in the core complex of PSII. Genotypes with light green leaves had consistently less chlorophyll per unit leaf area and lower photosynthetic rates per unit area than those with dark green leaves. It is suggested that these features of light green leaves may confer the ability to adapt to high levels of irradiance under drought conditions. This ability may result from a high rate of photosynthetic electron transport through each PSII reaction centre, thus reducing the risk of damage from the overexcitation of these centres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029563
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A self-validating numerical method for computation of central and non-central F probabilities and percentiles (1995)
    Springer
    Statistics and computing 5 (1995), S. 155-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1375
    Keywords: Interval analysis ; central and non-central F distribution ; self-validating ; extended Horner scheme
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A self-validating numerical method based on interval analysis for the computation of central and non-central F probabilities and percentiles is reported. The major advantage of this approach is that there are guaranteed error bounds associated with the computed values (or intervals), i.e. the computed values satisfy the user-specified accuracy requirements. The methodology reported in this paper can be adapted to approximate the probabilities and percentiles for other commonly used distribution functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00143946
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone morphogenetic proteins inhibit adipocyte differentiation by bone marrow stromal cells (1995)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 58 (1995), S. 393-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: adipocytes ; bone morphogenetic proteins ; differentiation ; bone marrow stromal cells ; transforming growth factor β ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The bone morphogenetic proteins were originally identified based on their ability to induce ectopic bone formation in vivo and have since been identified as members of the transforming growth factor-β gene superfamily. It has been well established that the bone morphogenetic cytokines enhance osteogenic activity in bone marrow stromal cells in vitro. Recent reports have described how bone morphogenetic proteins inhibited myogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in vitro. In vivo, bone marrow stromal cells differentiate along the related adipogenic pathway with advancing age. The current work reports the inhibitory effects of the bone morphorphogenetic proteins on adipogenesis in a multipotent murine bone marrow stromal cell line, BMS2. When exposed to bone morphogenetic protein-2, the pre-adipocyte BMS2 cells exhibited the expected induction of the osteogenic-related enzyme, alkaline phosphatase. Following induction of the BMS2 cells with adipogenic agonists, adipocyte differentiation was assessed by morphologic, enzymatic, and mRNA markers. Flow cytometric analysis combined with staining by the lipophilic fluorescent dye, Nile red, was used to quantitate the extent of lipid accumulation within the BMS2 cells. By this morphologic criteria, the bone morphogenetic proteins inhibited adipogenesis at concentrations of 50 to 500 ng/ml. This correlated with decreased levels of adipocyte specific enzymes and mRNAs. The BMS2 pre-adipocytes constitutively expressed mRNA encoding bone morphogenetic protein-4 and this was inhibited by adipogenic agonists. Together, these findings demonstrate that bone morphogenetic proteins act as adipogenic antagonists. This supports the hypothesis that adipogenesis and osteogenesis in the bone marrow microenvironment are reciprocally regulated.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240580312
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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