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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential effects of vecuronium on the thumb and great toe as measured by accelography and electromyography (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We evaluated possible differential effects of vecuronium on the thumb and great toe using two types of neuromuscular transmission monitor. Train-of-four stimuli were simultaneously applied to the ulnar nerve and tibial nerves using cutaneous electrodes. The responses were quantified with accelographs (thumb and left great toe) and an electromyograph (right great toe). Twenty ASA 1 or 2 patients received, by random allocation, one of two types of anaesthesia: neuroleptanaesthesia or sevoflurane-based anaesthesia. With both techniques, the shortest time to maximum block after vecuronium 0.1 mg.kg -1 occurred in the thumb as measured by accelography. The average (SD) values with neuroleptanaesthesia were: 173(23) s for thumb using accelography; 220(16) s for great toe using accelography; 205(44) s for great toe using electromyography. The average (SD) valuefs) with sevoflurane-based anaesthesia were: 137(15) for thumb using accelography; 179(21) for great toe using accelography; 153(23) for great toe using electromyography. The differences between the thumb and great toe were statistically significant during both types of anaesthesia when measured with the accelograph (p 〈 0.01). The time from completion of maximal block to 25% recovery of twitch height in the thumb was significantly longer than that of the great toe as measured by accelography during both types of anaesthesia (p 〈 0.05). In contrast, there were no statistically significant differences between time to maximum block and 25% recovery of twitch height of the thumb as measured by accelography compared to the values measured for the great toe using electromyography during either anaesthetic technique. The fastest recovery, therefore, was measured in the tibial nerve using accelography. The time to 25% spontaneous recovery after vecuronium 0.1 mg.kg-1 during sevoflurane anaesthesia was significantly longer than that during neuroleptanaesthesia (p 〈 0.01).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1995.tb04519.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Edrophonium as an antagonist of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block in the elderly (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Train-of-four stimuli were applied to the ulnar nerve using an accelograph in 10 elderly patients (aged 70–82 years) and 10 younger patients (aged 27–54 years). Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone 5mg.kg-1 and was maintained with nitrous oxide (66%) oxygen and sevoflurane (1 MAC). Vecuronium 0.1mg.kg-1 was used for paralysis, and reversed with intravenous edrophonium 0.75mg.kg-1 and atropine 0.015mg.kg-1 when the train-of-four ratio returned to 25%. The times from initial administration of vecuronium to completion of maximal block were 211.5 (SD 66.9) s and 154.0 (SD 39.7) s in the elderly and younger patients, respectively (p 〈 0.05). The times from maximal block to 25% recovery of train-of-four ratio were 64.8 (SD 36.3) min and 61.8 (SD 36.3) min in the elderly and younger patients, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between them. The reversal times from 25% to 75% of the train-of-four ratio after the administration of edrophonium were 210.0 (SD 136.7) s and 177.0 (SD 100.4) s in the elderly and younger patients, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between them. The authors were unable to show that healthy elderly patients differ significantly from younger patients in the neuromuscular blocking effect of vecuronium and the reversal effect of edrophonium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1995.tb04618.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of bradykinin-induced cyclic GMP accumulation in bovine tracheal smooth muscle (1995)
    Springer
    Lung 173 (1995), S. 373-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; l-arginine ; Nitric oxide ; Nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerve
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Bradykinin (10−8-10−5M) caused a concentration-dependent increase in cyclic GMP (cGMP) production in bovine tracheal smooth muscle in the absence of epithelium. The effect was calcium-dependent and was inhibited by pyrogallol (10 μM) and methylene blue (10 μM). The inhibition of pyrogallol was reversed by superoxide dismutase (100 Usnowml). Nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitors, N G-methyl-l-arginine (10–100 μM) and N G-nitro-l-arginine (10–100 μM) reduced cGMP accumulation induced by bradykinin in a concentration-dependent fashion, and the inhibition was reversed by l-arginine. Immunohistochemistry with a specific antibody against neuronal NO synthase from rat cerebellum showed positive staining localized in some nerve fibers. Bradykinin-induced cGMP accumulation appears to be related to the release of NO, part of which is probably synthesized in nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerve in bovine trachea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00172144
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous assay of four stereoisomers of diltiazem hydrochloride. Application to in vitro chiral inversion studies (1995)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 41 (1995), S. 450-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Diltiazem hydrochloride stereoisomers ; Chiralcel OF ; Chiral inversion ; Epimerization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The simultaneous stereospecific assay of four stereoisomers of diltiazem hydrochloride in bulk drug and aqueous solution was developed using HPLC on a Chiralcel OF column. The four isomers were quantitated with good precision by the internal standard method. The chiral inversion of (+)-cis-diltiazem hydrochloride in vitro, stability of its (2S, 3S) configuration in the solid and aqueous states was examined by HPLC. Chiral inversion of (+)-cis-diltiazem hydrochloride was not observed in the solid state, and its (2S, 3S) configuration was stable to heat, humidity and light. Chiral inversion of (+)-cis-diltiazem hydrochloride (2S, 3S) was observed in aqueous solution under UV, but not in aqueous solution stored at 80°C for 5h nor under visible light for 10 h. The (+)-cis-diltiazem hydrochloride (2S, 3S) epimerized to (+)-trans-diltiazem hydrochloride (2R, 3S) with a half-life of 5h in aqueous solution under UV but the reverse chiral inversion of (+)-trans-diltiazem hydrochloride (2R, 3S) to (+)-cis-diltiazem hydrochloride (2S, 3S) was not observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02318621
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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