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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning and Functional Characterisation of Two Novel Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α Subunits from the Insect Pest Myzus persicae (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 71 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors play a major role in excitatory neurotransmission in insect CNSs and constitute an important target for insecticides. Here, we report the isolation and functional characterisation of two cDNAs encoding nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α subunits from a major insect pest, the peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae. These two subunits, termed Mpα1 and Mpα2, are respective structural homologues of the Drosophila Dα2/Schistocerca gregariaαL1 α-subunit pair and the Drosophila ALS α subunit. Xenopus oocyte expression confirmed that each Myzus subunit can form functional acetylcholine- or nicotine-gated channels. However, some electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of the Myzus subunits were distinct from those encoded by the corresponding Drosophila subunits. Coexpression of the Myzus subunits with the chick β2 subunit revealed other differences from the Drosophila system, as only very limited potentiation of agonist-induced currents was observed with Mpα2 and none with Mpα1. Available data therefore indicate that structurally homologous insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α subunits from different species can exhibit distinctive physiological and pharmacological characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71030903.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical Manifestations of Prejudice in Psychotherapy: Toward a Strategy of Assessment and Treatment (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical psychology 3 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2850
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Social bias is an issue of concern to both practitioners and clinical researchers. This article considers race and ethnic prejudice as a prominent clinical feature in three psychotherapy cases. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) diagnoses, General Adaptive Functioning ratings, and Minnesota Muttiphasic Personality Inventory scores are considered in terms of the level of patient disturbance and severity of out-group prejudice. Two cases exemplify chronic adverse outgroup ideation, reflecting a constellation of traits of personality disturbance, disinhibttion, and adverse behavioral response (e.g., panic, hostility, and/or aggression) to intergroup contact, while one case evidences prejudicial ideation as a transitory, conditioned response to traumatic victimization by a member of a racial outgroup. Prejudice is considered as a clinical syndrome, with treatment strategy considered in terms of the severity and chronicity of prejudicial ideation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.1996.tb00084.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory and modeling of ion–molecule radiative association kinetics (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 4502-4516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Various aspects of the theory and modeling of ion–molecule radiative association are discussed. A general formalism for evaluating the effective rate constant for radiative and collisional association is reviewed. The implementation of variable reaction coordinate transition state theory estimates within this formalism is described. A detailed discussion is given of the limiting cases of high and low stabilization efficiency. The basic validity of the algorithm is illustrated through sample calculations for the high efficiency limit. The low efficiency limit allows for the determination of binding energies which are independent of any transition state model. The relation between the predicted and observed temperature dependence in the low efficiency limit is explored. Sample calculations employing the general formalism illustrate the usefulness of this modeling in estimating the binding energy of the complex. Modest levels of quantum chemistry (e.g., MP2/6-31G*) are found to provide satisfactory estimates of the vibrational frequencies and intensities required in the modeling. Overall, the modeling provides estimated binding energies for the protonated acetone dimer, NO+...3-pentanone, and Al+...C6H6 complexes which agree with the available literature values to within 2 kcal/mol. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.471201
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation kinetics in one-dimensional processes with continuous nucleation: The effect of shielding (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 5138-5144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A derivation is presented for the fraction of material transformed as a function of time, X(t), for one-dimensional phase transformations which occur via continuous nucleation and growth and which produce anisotropic particles. This derivation, which accounts for shielding effects and does not assume site saturation, is the first such derivation given for this type of problem. The analytical formulas which are found are evaluated in an approximate fashion for two different values of growth rate anisotropy. The results are compared with numerical simulations, and it is shown that the expressions derived are highly accurate. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.472357
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GENE TRANSFER TO HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS: Implications for Gene Therapy of Human Disease1 (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Medicine 47 (1996), S. 11-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4219
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Transfer of new genetic material to hematopoietic stem cells and expression of the gene product in daughter cells of various lineages is an exciting approach to the treatment of congenital and acquired human diseases. This review summarizes the current status of retroviral and adeno-associated viral vectors for gene transfer to human hematopoietic cells, including extensive preclinical data as well as preliminary results from ongoing clinical trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.med.47.1.11
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact of global warming on the distribution and survival of the gelada baboon: a modelling approach (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 4 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: The gelada baboon is a graminivorous primate whose ecology is unusually sensitive to ambient temperature. A systems model of the socio-ecology of the gelada is used to predict the impact of global warming on the species’ altitudinal distribution. The species’ lower altitudinal limit will rise by ≈ 500 m for every 2 °C increase in global mean temperature. A 7 °C rise in temperature would be sufficient to result in the species being confined to a small number of isolated mountain peaks, where its chances of survival will be greatly reduced. Changes in local climate are also likely to have significant effects on agricultural practice on the Ethiopian highlands, and this in turn is likely to have repercussions for the distribution patterns of the gelada by further constraining the habitat available to them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1998.00156.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of introducing fibreoptic bronchoscopes on gas flow in laryngeal masks and tracheal tubes (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The laryngeal mask airway, reinforced laryngeal mask airway and tracheal tube were studied to determine (1) flow resistance during simulated inspiration and (2) the maximum size of fibreoptic scope which can he passed down the lumen at clinically useful ventilatory settings. In addition, the flow resistance imposed by the mask aperature bars was quantified. The laryngeal mask airway can accommodate a larger fibrescope than the corresponding sizes of reinforced laryngeal mask airway or tracheal tube. Mean (range)flow resistance was 2.3 (1.7-35) times higher with the reinforced laryngeal mask airway compared to the laryngeal mask airway, 2.1 (1.2-4.2) times higher with the tracheal tube compared with the laryngeal mask airway and 1.2 (0.7-1.8) times lower with the tracheal compared with the reinforced laryngeal mask airway. Removal of the mask aperture bars resulted in a mean decrease in flow resistance of 3.6%. Our data have shown that the laryngeal mask airway can accommodate a larger fibrescope than either the reinforced laryngeal mask airway or tracheal tube at clinically useful ventilatory settings and that the current recommendations for maximum size of fibrescope should be revised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb14958.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    From famine to feast: the role of methylglyoxal production in Escherichia coli (1998)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd, UK
    Molecular microbiology 27 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The enzyme methylglyoxal synthase (MGS) was partially purified from Escherichia coli extracts, and the amino-terminal sequence of candidate proteins was determined, based on the native protein being a tetramer of about 69 kDa. Database analysis identified an open reading frame in the E. coli genome, YccG, corresponding to a protein of 16.9 kDa. When amplified and expressed from a controlled promoter, it yielded extracts that contained high levels of MGS activity. MGS expressed from the trc promoter accumulated to approximately 20% of total cell protein, representing approximately 900-fold enhanced expression. This caused no detriment during growth on glucose, and the level of methylglyoxal (MG) in the medium rose to only 0.08 mM. High-level expression of MGS severely compromised growth on xylose, arabinose and glycerol. A mutant lacking MGS was constructed, and it grew normally on a range of carbon sources and on low-phosphate medium. However, the mutant failed to produce MG during growth on xylose in the presence of cAMP, and growth was inhibited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00700.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transforming growth factor β isoforms in human glomerulonephropathies (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Nephrology 4 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: SUMMARY: Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a multifunctional cytokine for which three isoforms, TGFβ1, -2 and -3 have been characterized in mammals. Several reports suggest an involvement of TGFβ in the cellular and molecular basis of renal fibrosis. Most of these studies have focused exclusively on TGFβ1. Here we demonstrate using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) that transcripts from all three isoforms of TGFβ were detected in 31 renal biopsies, control tissue and cultured human mesangial cells. A novel alternative transcript of TGFβ2 was identified in renal tissue. the variation in transcript levels detected using this technique did not exhibit a striking correlation with any specific disease type. In addition, complement deposition and localization (i.e. mesangial or capillary wall) does not appear to have any direct correlation with the occurrence of a particular TGFβ isoform transcript. It is likely that dynamic changes in all TGFβ transcript levels occur in normal and diseased kidneys as a response to physiological and pathological demands. Most investigations have focused on one TGFβ isoform neglecting the contribution of the others. Studies which analyse all known isoforms and their alternative transcripts may establish the interplay between these during the progression of renal disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1797.1998.tb00371.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuromuscular effects of rocuronium in children during halothane anaesthesia (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric anesthesia 6 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rocuronium bromide, a nondepolarizing muscle relaxant has been shown to have a short onset and intermediate duration of action in adults and young children. We evaluated onset time, intubating conditions, as well as duration of action of rocuronium in children ages four to 12 years during nitrous oxide-halothane anaesthesia. Following a stable recording of train-of-four (TOF) impulses at the ulnar nerve, patients were given rocuronium 600 μg˙kg−1 intravenously. We found that the time to 90% and 100% neuromuscular (N-M) block of the (TOF) was 51 ± 18 s and 66 ± 32 s respectively. Intubation was achieved at 94 ± 31 s and rated as good or excellent in all cases. Time to recovery of N-M transmission to 25%, 75% and 90% of control was 29 ± 8 min, 42 ± 14 min and 46 ± 16 min respectively. Heart rate increased ∼12 BPM after drug injection, while the blood pressure remained unchanged. From our data we conclude that, as in other age groups, rocuronium has a rapid onset, intermediate duration of action in children 4–12 years of age, and appears devoid of significant side effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.1996.tb00451.x
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