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  • 11
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Sensitization and exposure to indoor allergens are the major risk factors for asthma. It is possible that significant exposure to domestic allergens occurs outside the home.Objectives To investigate the levels of Can f 1 and Bla g 2 in the dust from carpeted floors and upholstered seats in public buildings and public transport and the airborne concentrations of Der p 1, Fel d 1, Can f 1 and Bla g 2 in schools and offices.Methods Can f 1 and Bla g 2 were measured in the dust collected by vacuuming a I m2 area of carpet, as well as upholstered seats in five schools, six hotels, four cinemas, six pubs, three buses and two trains. Dust was also collected from the bedroom carpet, living room carpet, mattress and sofa in 20 homes with and 20 homes without a dog in the same area. Personal airborne sampling (2 L/min) was conducted for 8 h in offices (n= 16) and classrooms (n= 9). In addition, airborne samples in schools were collected using a high volume pump (60 L/min) for 1 h in three classrooms immediately after the children vacated the school. Can f 1, Bla g 2, Der p 1 and Fel d 1 were assayed using a two–site monoclonal antibody–based ELISA.Results Can f 1 was detected in all dust samples from public places, ranging from 0.2 to 52.5 μg/g, Significantly higher levels were found in upholstered scats (geometric mean – GM 9.4 μg/g) than in carpets (GM 1.5 μg/g; P 〈 0.001), and levels of Can f 1 〉 10 μg/g were found in 40% of upholstered seats in public places. Can f 1 was significantly higher in upholstered seats in public places than in sofas in homes without a dog (GM 1.8 μg/g; P 〈 0.001). Detectable levels of Bla g 2 were found in all of the schools (GM 2.4 U/g, range 0.8–4.4 U/g). Bla g 2 concentration greater than 2U/g (provisional threshold level representing risk of sensitization) was measured in 65% of the classrooms sampled. Der p 1 and Bla g 2 were below the detection limit in all airborne samples. However, airborne Fel d 1 and Can f 1 were detected in schools and offices, albeit in low concentrations.Conclusions Upholstered seats from public places constitute a reservoir for the accumulation of dog allergen, and a source of exposure to Can f 1 inside public buildings or on public transport. Exposure to cockroach allergens in schools may be important for cockroach sensitized asthmatic children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 27 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In many countries, aquaculture development has been driven by technical solutions to the culture of high unit value (HUV) species. As rising production has met with falling prices, diversification into other HUV species has occurred and renewed the 'speciescycle’process. However, if aquaculture is to make its forecast contribution to offset declining capture supplies, some redirection may be needed to determine the substitute species and the product profile sought by consumers, and hence, the areas for genuine opportunity for growth. To this end, this paper employs Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) to analyse consumer acceptance of a cultured product. The MCA identifies patterns of association hidden by conventional techniques and may provide a methodology for identifying more relevant responses by the international aquaculture industry to the needs of the market. To illustrate the potential, the paper presents a case study of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822), using face-to-face consumer surveys incorporating samples of Clarias fillets in household meals. The MCA suggests that the Clarias product has attributes which are not uniquely orientated to any particular niche market, in contrast to most conventional HUV species. This may be advantageous, and for example, suggests that Clarias might be marketed as frozen blocks for further added value products and as a substitute for those demersal species which are less available internationally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 51 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 35 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Allergy to oil Of turpentine has diminished largely due to the use of cheaper substitutes in many occupations. However, 2 particular areas still reliant on real oil of turpentine are those of the perfume industry and ceramic decoration. We report 24 cases of hand dermal it is in pottery workers involved in ceramic decoration, paintresses, liners, gilders, enamellers and a line china painter. seen in a 6-month period following a change from Portuguese to Indonesian turpentine, of whom 14 were sensitive to Indonesian turpentine. 8 to α-pinene. 4 to Δ-3-carene and 2 positive to turpentine peroxides, Previous reports suggest that, Δ-3-carene is the main allergen and reports of sensitivity to α-pinene in the absence of sensitivity to Turpentine peroxide, in particular to the hydro-peroxide of. Δ-3-carcne. are few. Turpentine allergy continues Lo be a problem in The pottery industry and is more common than allergy to the heavy metals of the colours used in ceramic decoration. α-pinene, an unusual allergen, appears to he the most common in our area. Reversion to Portuguese turpentine seems to have alleviated the problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In this study, the major periodontal pathogens Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis were detected in subgingival plaque samples from patients with periodontal disease by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and conventional culture methods. 170 plaque samples from 43 patients were analysed; A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis were each detected in 40 (24%) of samples by PCR. whereas conventional culture methods detected A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis in 25 (15%) and 18 (11%) of samples, respectively. The proportion of patients carrying A. actinomycetemcomitans in at least 1 sampled periodontal site was 17/43 (40%) by PCR and 13/43 (30%) by culture; for P. gingivalis this was 2/43 (28%) by PCR and 9/43 (21%) by culture. Only 5 samples, from 3 patients, harboured both A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis. It is concluded that PCR is more accurate than conventional culture methods for identification of these periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque samples and has a higher frequency of detection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study was designed to establish whether measurement of a serological marker of fibrosis might reduce the need for liver biopsy in psoriatic patients receiving methotrexate (MTX). Levels of type III procollagen aminopeptide (PIIINP-O and PIITNP-B) and laminin PI (LamP1-B) were measured in 147 serum samples taken at the time of liver biopsy in 87 patients receiving long-term MTX treatment for severe psoriasis. Biopsies were classified as: (1) normal. (2) steatosis. (3) inflammation, (4) fibrosis, or (5) cirrhosis. Groups 3–5 were considered to show clinically relevant abnormality. Compared with controls. PIIINP-O was significantly raised in the group of MTX-treated psoriatics (P〈0.001). Within this group, levels were significantly higher in patients with inflammation, fibrosis or cirrhosis compared with those with normal histology or steatosis alone (P〈0.0001). In contrast. PIIINP-B and LamP1-B did not distinguish between controls and MTX-treated patients or between histological groups. Forty-two patients had two or more biopsies with simultaneous PIIINP-O measurement. PIIINP-O levels at the time of the first biopsy were normal in six of the seven patients whose histology was initially normal and subsequently became abnormal. A single measurement of PIIINP-O thus did not predict which patients might develop abnormal histology following further MTX. In a group of 17 patients, PIIINP-O was measured 3-monthly for up to 6 years during MTX treatment. PPIINP-O was elevated at some time during follow-up in all three patients who developed abnormal histology but was consistently normal in eight of the 11 patients whose histology remained or became normal.Our findings indicate that PIIINP-O is of value in detecting liver damage and, particularly if measured serially, may reduce the need for liver biopsy in MTX-treated patients. Although the test does not detect all patients with fibrosis, it would appear that the risk of missing significant liver damage in patients with persistently normal PIIINP-O is low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 383 (1996), S. 310-311 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] OVERHEARD: "Chemical is it? Best leave it in the bottle. Nasty things chemicals." But you can't stopper them all. The bottle is 'chemical' too. So is the shelf it is on. So is everything else that makes up our extraordinary 'ordinary world'. Yes, but why are things around us made as they are, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 379 (1996), S. 29-30 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Much of our knowledge of the high-altitude flight behaviour of insects has been derived from the use of pulse radars1, and there are many instances where equivalent information about low-altitude flight would also be of considerable entomological value, host-finding behaviour by tsetse flies, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 23 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chlorhexidine is a well-established agent used for the control of supragingival plaque but is not without disadvantages, such as tooth staining, which limits its clinical applications to short-term use. This clinical trial studied the clinical effectiveness and stain-forming potential of chlorhexidine in a chewing gum base. Subjects (151) were screened for baseline plaque and gingival indices before receiving a dental prophylaxis and randomized into 3 treatment groups: group 1 chewed 2 pieces of chlorhexidine diacetate gum for 10 min 2× a day (total daily chlorhexidine=20 mg). group 2 chewed 2 pieces of placebo gum for 10 min 2× a day and group 3 rinsed with 10 ml of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash for 1 min 2× per day (total daily chlorhexidine=40 mg). Plaque, gingivitis and stain evaluations were made at 4 and 8 weeks. Plaque and bleeding scores were significantly lower at 4 and 8 weeks in the chlorhexidine gum group compared to the placebo gum group and similar at 8 weeks to the rinse group. Stain intensity at week 8 was significantly less for the chlorhexidine gum than rinse. The staining measured by extent was also Jess with the chlorhexidine gum than the rinse, but the difference was not significant at week 4. At week 8, stain extent was significantly lower in the chlorhexidine gum group than chlorhexidine rinse. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that this chlorhexidine chewing gum used with normal tooth cleaning provides similar adjunctive benefits to oral hygiene and gingival health as a 0.2% chlorhexidine rinse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 28 (1996), S. 933-943 
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Optoelectronic generation of well characterized ultrashort electrical pulses plays an important role in the calibration of fast-sampling oscilloscopes. In this paper the authors describe the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) pulse generator, comprising a femtosecond laser and an ultrafast photoconductive switch which can generate electrical pulses as short as 650 fs. The photoconductive switch consists of a GaAs substrate with a top GaAs layer grown under low temperature conditions to ensure a subpicosecond recombination rate. The technique of electrooptic sampling is used to measure pulses on planar transmission lines, such as coplanar waveguide and coplanar stripline. Good agreement is shown between electrooptic sampling measurement and the modelling of pulse propagation along a coplanar waveguide, enabling one to optimize a design of a calibration test source. The use of a pulse generator to calibrate a 50 GHz sampling oscilloscope is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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